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TheRepresentativeofAmericanEnlightenment:BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)•Ifyouwouldnotbeforgotten,assoonasyouaredead&rotten,eitherwritethingsworthreading,ordothingsworthwriting.--B.Franklin•AmericahasneverforgottenBenjaminFranklinbecausehedidboth.•Today,wehonorFranklinasoneoftheFoundingFathersandasoneofAmerica’sgreatestcitizens.★HeappearsontheAmerican100dollarbill.FranklinonU.S.Postage•BenjaminFranklinhasbeenhonoredonUSPostagestampsmanytimesFranklin’sKiteExperimentHewastheonlyAmericantosignthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates:TheDeclarationofIndependence,TheTreatyofAlliancewithFrance,TheTreatyofPeacewithEngland,TheConstitutionfoundedthefirstpubliclibrary,organizedthefirstfiredepartmentandthefirstpaidpoliceforce,foundedaschoolandahospital.thegreatmanoflettersAutobiography《自传》PoorRichard’sAlmanac《穷理查德历书》politician,public-spiritedcitizen,prosewriterBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)AscientistphilanthropistdiplomatBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)Hiscontributions•HisContributionstoSocietya.PennsylvaniaHospital;b.America’sfirstcirculatinglibraryinPhiladephia;c.UniversityofPennsylvania;d.AmericanPhilosophicalSociety;e.thepostalsystem.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)•HisContributionstoSciencea.Inventions:Franklinstove,effectivestreetlighting,bifocalglasses,aminiatureprintingpress,efficientheatingdevicesandevenastrangemusicalinstrumentcalledan“armonica”玻璃口琴.b.Andforhislightning-rod,hewascalled“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfirefromheaven.”c.thetheoriesofelectricity;firstappliedtheterms“positive”and“negative”toelectricalcharges.d.HewasoneofthefirstmentostudyandmaptheGulfStream(墨西哥湾流).BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)•HisContributionstotheU.S.a.Hesupportedthecauseofindependence,servedintheContinentalCongress,andaidedJeffersoninwritingtheDeclarationofIndependence.b.HeconductedthedifficultnegotiationswithFrancethatbroughtfinancialandmilitarysupportforAmericainthewar.c.HewasadelegatetotheconversationthatwrotetheConstitution.d.Therefore,Franklinisawriter,printer,publisher,scientist,philanthropist,anddiplomat.BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)Evaluation•“FranklinwastheonlygoodAmericanauthorbeforetheRevolutionaryWar.”•“TheScottishphilosopherDavidHumecalledhimAmerica’s“firstgreatmanofletters”.”•“Hewasthefirstgreatself-mademaninAmerica,apoordemocratborninanaristocraticagethathisfineexamplehelpedtoliberalize.”•“FranklinwastheembodimentofAmericandream.”•“Franklinwasaspokesmanfortheneworderofthe18thcenturyenlightenment.”•WhenFranklindiedin1790,attheageof84,hewasanhonoredfigure,mournedbymanynations.OneofhisfellowAmericanssaid,“Hisshadowliesheavierthananyotherman’sonthisyoungnation.”PoorRichard’sAlmanac•keptpublishingformanyyears;•containsalargenumberofpracticalsayingsaboutlife;•includesmanyclassicalsayings:abookthatispublishedeveryyeargivinginformationforthatyearExcerptsfromFranklin'sPoorRichard’sAlmanac•“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”•“Earlytobed,andearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.”•Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.•Bewareoflittleexpenses:asmallleakwillleakagreatship.•Eattolive,andnotlivetoeat.•BeslowinchoosingaFriend,slowerinchanging.AutobiographyAstorythatapersonwritesabouthisorherownlifeiscalledanautobiography.Autobiographiesarewritteninfirst-personpointofview,andbiographiesinthird-personpointofview.Autobiography•ItisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworksofAmericanliteratureproducedduringthe18thcentury.•Itisarecordofamanrisingtowealthandfamefromastateofpovertyandobscurityintowhichhewasborn,anaccountofthecolorfulcareerofAmerica'sfirstself-mademan.•阅读本书，就像与一个伟大心灵对话，能收获一份人生修养的智慧，完成一次实现美国梦的奋斗历程和完美道德的精神之旅。它是一部影响了几代美国人、历经两百余年经久不衰的励志奇书，它包含了人生奋斗与成功的真知灼见，以及诸种善与美的道德真谛，被公认为是改变了无数人命运的美国精神读本。AutobiographyItisaPuritandocument--itisarecordofself-examination(自我审视)andself-improvement(自我完善)：hebelievesthatGodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselvesandthateverycallingisaservicetoGod,inordertogetonintheworld,onehastobeindustrious,frugal,andprudent.Autobiography•Itisanelucidation(阐述)ofthefactthatFranklinwasspokesmanforenlightenment:•herepresentsAmericanidea---manisbasicallygoodandfreebynature,endowedbyGodwithcertaininalienable(不可剥夺的)rightsoflibertyandthepursuitofhappiness.TheAutobiography“firsts”ThereareanumberoffirstsassociatedwithTheAutobiography.•Itisconsideredthefirstpopularself-helpbookeverpublished.•ItwasthefirstandonlyworkwritteninAmericanbeforethe19thcenturythathasretainedbestsellerpopularitysinceitsrelease.•ItwasthefirstmajorsecularAmericanautobiography.•ItisalsothefirstrealaccountoftheAmericanDreaminactionastoldfromamanwhoexperienceditfirsthand.TheAutobiographyWritingStyle•GenuineHumanness•Humor•Terseness简练•PlainnessandHomelinessTheAutobiographySignificanceofTheAutobiography•ItestablishesinliteraryformthefirstexampleofthefulfillmentoftheAmericanDream.•TheworkwasoneofthepremierautobiographiesintheEnglishlanguage.•Ittellsustodaywhatlifewaslikein18thcenturyAmerica.•Itisalsoareflectionof18thcenturyidealism.•ItistheprominentworkthatmythologizesaherooftheAmericanRevolution.Significance:•Itpresentsaprototype（原型）ofAmericansuccesswhichinspiredgenerationsofAmericans.•Popular,stillwe