chinese-Architecture(推荐文档)

ChineseArchitectureandGardeningTimeChineseancientarchitecturemainlyincludesbuildingsbuiltbefore1911aswellasthoselatter-daybuildingswithChinesetraditionalstyle.Chineseancientarchitectureisconsideredtobeoneofthethreegreatestarchitecturalsystemsintheworld.Itisuniqueinemployingthetimberskeletonasitsmainstructure.Whichthree?西方建筑、伊斯兰、中国：世界三大建筑唯一以木结构为主的建筑体系TheCharacteristicsofAncientArchitecturalStyles1.Horizontal水平铺开2.balanceandsymmetry平衡与对称3.Facingsouth4.uniquetimberframework木质框架walls/flexibilityandadaptability/springy5.Fengshui6.Roofandsymbolism9StudsonpalacegateTempleofConfuciusLugouQiao琉璃瓦GlazedtileThelayoutofancientarchitecturePlainFlexibleBeautifulSymmetricalVocabulary1)宫殿/陵墓/坛庙/祠堂/会馆2）佛寺/石窟/塔/道教宫观Key1)Palace/mausoleum/altar/temple/assemblyhall2)Buddhisttemple/stonecave(grotto)/pagodaTaoistarchitectureChineseGardeningGardeningisoneoftheimportanttypesofarchitecturalart.Itsessenceistoconstructbeautifulsurroundingsbydesigningalltheelements---mountain,water,building,road,indoordecoration,etc.,inaharmoniousandorganicway.GardeninginChinabeganinQinDynasty,anditwasintheQingDynastythatgardeningobtainedgreatachievements.TwocategoriesofgardeningImperialgardensinBeijing:TheSummerPalace,BeihaiPark;ChengdeSummerResort(alsocalledtheTemporaryImperialDwellingPalaceinRehe)TheprivategardensintheSouth:CanglangPavilion,Lion’sWoods,ZhuozhengGarden,andLiuGarden.沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园、留园TheReflectionofPoliticalandEthicalStandardsTheLayoutoftheForbiddenCityTheReflectionofPoliticalandEthicalStandardsTheCourtyardBuildinginBeijingTheIdeaof“UnityofHeavenandMan”ChineseClassicalGardensImperialgardens：theSummerPalaceTheSummerPalaceCoveredLongCorridor—thelongestinChinaTheIdeaof“UnityofHeavenandMan”ChineseClassicalGardensPrivateGardens:theHumbleAdministrator’sGarden拙政园Theaestheticpursuitof“originatingfromnaturebutonahigherplanethannature”ImitatingNature&CondensingalandscapescenetoreproduceapicturesqueminiatureCommunication&BlendingofTraditionalCulturewithOtherCulturesReligiousArchitectureChineseBuddhistarchitectureconsistsoftemple,pagodaandgrotto.LocalizationstartsrightafterBuddhistarchitecturewasintroducedintoChinaduringtheHandynasty,interpretingChinesearchitecturalaestheticsandculture.GrottoesMogaoGrottoinDunHuang“Dun”—grandness“Huang”—prosperitySculpturesandMuralsinMogaoGrottoYungangGrotto(Datong,Shanxi)YungangGrottoLongmenGrottoinLuoyangMaijiGrottoinGansulastbutnotleastGrottoesinDunhuangareanationaltreasureofChinaandaculturalheritageoftheworld.In1962thestateCouncilputthemamongChina’sfirstkeyculturalrelicsunderstateprotectionandtheUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducationalScientificandCulturalOrganization联合国教育科学暨文化组织)putthemonitslistofworldnaturalandculturalheritage!