石墨烯制备及其在低温燃料电池阳极催化中的应用进展

28420118JOURNALOFNATURALSCIENCEOFHEILONGJIANGUNIVERSITYVol.28No.4August2011150080、、、。。/。O61A1001－7011201104－0463－082011－06－1621031001209710407080291978－1962－0。。C6012。2004Geim3“”SP2———Graphene。、0.35nm。。4130GPa10015000cm2·V－1·s－15105000W·m－1·K－1。。“”、、、、。。SP2pzπ。。2630m2·g－110m2·g－11315m2·g－167。123。。。/“”。1、。“”。、SiC。1.1HighlyOrientedPyrolyticGraphiteHOPG。2004Novoselov3。。。。100μm。。1.2ChemicalVaporDepositionCVD。。。NiCu。Kim8SiO2/Si300nmNi1000℃CH4/H2/Ar=50/65/200～10℃·S－1。Ruoff9CH4+H2Cu。。。1.3SiCSiC。19901000℃SiCSi。。J．Hass104H－SiC。GeogiaW．A．deHeer4H－SiC000－111SiCCRu0001Ru12。1.4196013KClO3HNO3GO。0.35nm0．7～1nm。GO。Ruoff。。。。14。Zhang·464·2815KOHNaOH。。。1nm。。、。1.5。“”。－。Lee16HOPG。。HOPG。。。。。1。80%217。1Fig．1Preparationschemeofgraphenebyusingexpandablegraphiteascarbonsource2TEMSEMFig．2TEMandSEMimagesofgraphenebyusingexpandablegraphiteascarbonsource1.6。Fe、Co、Ni。Fe、Co、Ni。。。、18。。。FeFe3C－－19。3、4。。、、、。、10nm20－21。·564·43Fig．3Schemeabouttheformationofthegraphenethroughinsituself－generatingtemplateroute4TEMFig．4TEMimagesofgraphenepreparedbyinsituself－generatingtemplateroute2、。。PtPd。。。、22。。1π、2。。2.1/12。Yoo23Ar－H2PtGraphenePt/。PtπD。24NaBH4Pt/GraphenePt/CPt/Graphene。LI25Pt/GraphenePt/CNTs。ZHOU26LIU27PtPt/。。。GO。GOPd28。PdPdGOGOPdPdGOGOPd/Graphene5。Pd3nmPd/Pd/。Pd/CPd/Graphene6。·664·285aPd/GrapheneABNaBH4bPd/TEMFig．5aSchematicproceduresofPd/GNcatalystssynthesizedbyseparatedstepchemicalreductionandsynchronouslychemicalreductionAandBstandforthedosageofreducingreagentrespectivelybTEMimagesofPd/Grapheneabcfromseparatedstepchemicalreductionanddsynchronouslychemicalreduction6aH2SO4bPd/GN2Pd/GN1Pd/VCcFig．6CyclicvoltammogramsinaH2SO4solutionandbinthepresenceof0．5mol·L－1HCOOHonPd/GN2Pd/GN1andPd/VCcatalystselectrodesatascanrateof50mV·s－1currentdensity－timedependencemeasuredbycchronoamperometricmethod2.2/29。、。NaBH45nmPt。Pt/Pt/C1.519。Pd。NaBH4Pd。Pd。30。Cu30～40nmCuPd。CuPd2～3nmPdCuPd。。PdCuCuPdCuPdCuPdCu、Pd7。Graphene/。Pd/GrpahenePd/Vulcan3Pd、8。·764·42.3－/Pt/CPt/GrapheneCOPt。/。。WCCO31。ZHAO32WC20nmWC/PtCO。WC。WWC/。WCWC。WC/33。7Pd/Fig．7ProceduretoformationofthePd/Graphenecompositesviasacrificetemplatemethod8ACu/B－DPd/ECVaPd/AP－Pd/GNbPd/Pd/GNcPd/C。Fig．8TEMAimagesofCu/GNBCTEMimagesoftheAP－Pd/GNatdifferentmagnificationsHRTEMDimagesofAP－Pd/GNECyclicvoltammogramsoftheaAP－Pd/GNbPd/GNandcPd/Vulcancatalystsπ。WCWCWC·864·28PtWC。WCWC。WC/PtWCWCPt。5nmWCPtWCPt－WC/WC。Pt－WC/Pt20%7.5%2/3。Pt－WC/H2/0.3W·cm－20.15W·cm－2。3、、、。。。“”。、。1KROTOHHEATHJO＇BRIENSetal．C60buckminsterfullereneJ．Nature1985318162－163．2IIJIMAS．HelicalmicrotubulesofgraphiticcarbonJ．Nature．199135456－58．3NOVOSELOVKSGEIMAKMOROZOVSVetal．ElectricfieldeffectinatomicallythincarbonfilmsJ．Science20043065696666－669．4LEECGWEIXDKYSARJWetal．MeasurementoftheelasticpropertiesandintrinsicstrengthofmonolayergraphemeJ．Science20083215887385－388．5CHENJHJANGCXIAOSDetal．IntrinsicandextrinsicperformancelimitsofgraphenedevicesonSiO2J．NatNanotechnol200834206－209．6PUMERAM．Graphene－basednanomaterialsforenergystorageJ．EnergyEnvironSci201143668－674．7MILLERDLKUBISTAKDRUTTERGMetal．ObservingthequantizationofzeromasscarriersingraphemeJ．Science20093245929924－927．8KIMKSZHAOYJANGHetal．Large－scalepatterngrowthofgraphenefilmsforstretchabletransparentelectrodesJ．Nature20094577230706－710．9LIXSCAIWWANJHetal．Large－areasynthesisofhigh－qualityanduniformgraphenefilmsoncopperfoilsJ．Science20093241312－1314．10HASSJMILLN－OTOYAJEFIRSTPNetal．Interfacestructureofepitaxialgraphenegrownon4H2SiC0001J．PhysRevB200878205424－205433．11BERGERCSONGZMLIXetal．ElectronicconfinementandcoherenceinpatternedepitaxialgrapheneJ．Science200631257771191－1196．12PANYZHANGHSHIDetal．Highlyorderedmillimeter－scalecontinuoussingle－crystallinegraphenemonolayerformedonRu0001J．AdvancedMaterials21272777－2780．13HUMMERSJrWSOFFEMANRE．PreparationofgraphiticoxideJ．JournaloftheAmericanChemicalSociety19588061339－1339．14LIDMULLERMBGILJESetal．ProcessableaqueousdispersionsofgraphenenanosheetsJ．NatureNanotechnology200832101－105．15FANXBPENGWHLIYetal．DeoxygenationofexfoliatedgraphiteoxideunderalkalineconditionsagreenroutetographenepreparationJ．AdvancedMaterials200820134490－4493．16TANGYBLEECSCHENZHetal．High－qualitygraphenesviaafacilequenchingmethodforfield－effecttransistorsJ．NanoLetters2009941374－1377．17JIANGBJTIANCGWANGLetal．Facilefabricationofhighqualitygraphenefromexpandablegraphitesimultaneousexfoliationandre-ductionJ．ChemicalCommunications201046274920－4922．·964·418WANGLTIANCGWANGBLetal．ControllablesynthesisofgraphiticcarbonnanostructuresfromIon－exchangeresin－ironcomplexviasolid－statepyrolysisprocessJ．ChemicalCommunication200844425411－5413．19WANGLTIANCGWANGHetal．Massproductionofgrapheneviaaninsituself－generatingtemplaterouteanditspromotedactivityaselectrocatalyticsupportformethanolelectroxidizationJ．JournalofPhysicalChemistryC2010114198727－8733．20LIUYRENZYWEIYLetal．SynthesisandapplicationsofgraphitecarbonspherewithuniformlydistributedmagneticFe3O4nanoparticlesMGCSsandMGCS@[e-mail]fhollowmagneticgraphiticcarbonmicrosphere