超声波温度场测量技术(高温锅炉)

毕业设计说明书-I-I前言摘要：温度场的检测在许多研究领域及工农业生产和日常生活等许多方面都具有十分重要的意义。然而，温度场的测量又是一个十分复杂的问题，传统的温度检测方法已经远远不能够满足生产和生活的需要。作为一种新型的测温方法，声学方法具有快速、精确、测量范围宽等特点，在工业生产、科学研究中能够满足温度场精确测量和在线控制的需要，特别是在高温和恶劣的测温环境中，此方法更具有传统方法所无法比拟的优势和特点。本文以实现超声气体温度的快速、准确测量为目的，在对国内外瞬态气体温度测量研究现状进行深入研究的基础上，提出了应用超声波进行燃烧气体温度测量的方案。首先应用空气动力学知识，依据理想气体状态方程建立超声波测温数学模型。基于测温模型及设计思想和原则，进行系统总体设计。系统主要包括超声波发射接收部分、压力测量部分、数据采集部分、单片机及上位PC机控制部分。超声波发射接收部分主要完成超声探头的设计与安装，并对所使用的压电式超声波传感器的工作原理、分类和组成作了较详细的介绍。压力测量部分主要是进行多晶硅高温压力传感器的设计，主要包括传感器灵敏度分析、芯片版图设计、制造工艺设计和性能测试几个步骤；同毕业设计说明书-II-II时，为了实现系统测量快速性的需要，选用流水线型模数转换器ADS800进行压力模拟信号的数字化转换。数据采集部分主要是应用数字移相技术，基于现场可编程门阵列设计高速计数系统，对超声信号的渡越时间进行测量；同时，为了解决高速数据存储的失误问题，提出了二次锁存方案。单片机及上位机，主要是完成系统的监控和数据处理，并能对测量结果进行显示、打印等。关键词：超声测温；瞬态温度；超声波传感器；温度场重建Abstract：Temperaturefieldofresearchandtestinginmanyindustrialandagriculturalproductionanddailylifeandmanyaspectshaveveryimportantsignificance.However,thetemperaturefieldofthemeasurementisaverycomplexproblem,thetraditionaltemperaturedetectionmethodisnotabletomeettheneedsofproductionandlife.Asakindofnewmethod,acousticpyrometryisarapid,accurate,widemeasuringrange,etc.Inindustrialproduction,scientificresearchcansatisfytheprecisionmeasuringtemperaturefieldandon-linecontrolneeds,especiallyinhightemperatureandpoorenvironment,thismethodismoretraditionalmethodsandincomparableadvantagesandcharacteristics.Basedontherealizationofultrasonicgastemperaturemeasurementquicklyandaccurately,forthepurposeofdomesticandforeign,thetransientgastemperaturemeasurementresearchstatusonthebasisoffurtherresearch,putsforwardtheapplicationofultrasoniconcombustiongastemperaturemeasurementsolutions.Firstly,accordingtotheapplicationofaerodynamicsknowledgeof毕业设计说明书-III-IIIultrasonicestablishmentofthestateequationofidealgastemperaturemathematicalmodel.Basedonthetemperaturemeasurementmodelanddesignideasandprinciples,theoveralldesign.Thesystemincludesultrasoundreceivingpart,pressuremeasurement,dataacquisition,SCMandPCcontrolsection.Ultrasoundreceivingpartofmaindesignandinstallationofultrasonicprobe,andbyuseofthepiezoelectricultrasonicsensors,classificationandtheworkingprincipleofthecompositionofthedetailedintroduction.Pressuremeasurementpartismainlyhighpressuresensorpolysilicon,mainlyincludingthedesignofthesensorsensitivityanalysis,chiplayoutdesign,manufacture,processdesignandperformancetestofseveralsteps,Atthesametime,inordertorealizethesystemofmeasuringspeed,choosepipelineadcADS800pressureoftheanalogsignaldigitalconversion.Dataacquisitionpartismainlyusedindigitaltechnology,basedonfieldprogrammablegatesarrayofhigh-speedcountingsystem,thedesignofultrasonicsignalmeasuredthecrosstime,Atthesametime,inordertosolvetheproblemofhighspeeddatastorageturnovers,putsforwardsecondlatchscheme.SCMandPC,mainlyisthecompletesystemofmonitoringanddataprocessing,andthemeasurementresultstoshow,printing,etc.Keywords:Ultrasoundtemperaturemeasurement,Thetransienttemperature,Ultrasonicsensors,Temperaturefield毕业设计说明书-IV-IV目录前言..................................................................................I第一章绪论.....................................................................11.1选题背景.......................................................................11.2设计目的.......................................................................21.3设计的意义...................................................................31.4目前国内外的研究现状...................................................41.5超声波的特性及作用原理................................................61.6发展优势......................................................................7第二章方案论证..........................................................82.1超声波的定义................................................................82.2温度的超声测量.............................................................92.4声学测温的典型装置介绍..............................................102.5温度场声学测量方法的工作原理.....................................112.5.1温度场重建原理及逆问题正则化解...............................132.5.2正则化方法与迭代技术相结合的温度场重建..................142.6温度场声学测量方法的系统组成.....................................152.7典型产品介绍..............................................................172.8温度场声学测量方法的优势...........................................182.9本章小结.....................................................................19第三章系统局部硬件电路设计.....................................203.1STC12C单片机.............................................................20毕业设计说明书-V-V3.1.1时钟电路.........................................................................213.1.2复位电路.........................................................................213.2超声波发射电路...........................................................233.2.1LM324AD........................................................................243.2.1超声波传感器..................................................................243.3超声波接收电路...........................................................253.4电源电路的设计...........................................................283.5LCD液晶显示部分结构.................................................293.5.1LCD的参数和性能及引脚介绍.............................