intercultural-communication1

InterculturalCommunicationContents•Culture①definition;②features;③high-contextandlow-contextcultures•Interculturalcommunication①definition;②thehistoryofitsdevelopmentQuestion•Astotheword‘culture’,whatdoesitremindyouof?(Reminder:trytothinkofwordsorexpressionsthatcanbeclassifiedinto‘culture’.)Usewordsorexpressionstodescribethegentleman.＠※IcebergTheorynorms;attitudes;values;beliefs;traditions,etc.food;fashion;languages,etc.ThedefinitionofCulture•Cultureisthosedeep,common,unstatedexperienceswhichmembersofagivencultureshare,whichtheycommunicatewithoutknowing,andwhichformthebackdropagainstwhichallothereventsarejudged.------EdwardHallThedefinitionofCulture•历史上创造的所有的生活形式，包括显型的和隐型的，包括合理的、不合理的以及谈不上是合理和不合理的一切，它们在某一时期作为人们行为的潜在指南而存在。------胡文仲FeaturesofCulture•Cultureislearned;FeaturesofCulture•Cultureistheviewofagroupofpeople;FeaturesofCulture•Culturerankswhatisimportant;Individualism?Collectivism?FeaturesofCulture•CulturedictateshowtobehaveHigh-contextandLow-contextCultures•putforwardbyEdwardHall;•todistinguishamongculturesonthebasisoftheroleofcontextincommunication;High-contextandLow-contextCultures•Bylow-contextculture,weemphasizehowintentionormeaningisbestexpressedthroughexplicitverbalmessages.•Byhigh-contextculture,weemphasizehowintentionormeaningcanbestbeconveyedthroughthecontextandthenonverbalchannels(e.g.pauses,silence)oftheverbalmessage.High-contextandLow-contextCulturesLCC•Putthoughtsintowords;•explicitanddirectstyle;•theimportanceoftalk.HCC:•Usecontexttocommunicatethemessage;•indirectstyle;•theimportanceofnonverbalsignalsandevensilence.High-contextandLow-contextCulturesLCC•Germany;Switzerland;Denmark;Sweden;UnitedStates;Canada;Australia;UnitedKingdomHCC•Arabia;Kuwait;Mexico;Nigeria;Japan;China;Vietnam;SouthKoreaThedefinitionofInterculturalCommunication•具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程就是跨文化交际。——胡文仲ThedefinitionofInterculturalCommunication•Interculturalcommunicationreferstocommunicationbetweenpeoplewhoseculturalbackgroundsaredistinctenoughtoaltertheircommunication.TheHistoryofItsDevelopment1.In1946:TheUsgovernmentpassedtheForeignServiceActandestablishedtheForeignServiceInstitute;2.In1959:ThepublicationofTheSlientLanguagebytheAmericanculturalanthropologist,EdwardT.HallmarkedtheemergenceofICC.TheHistoryofItsDevelopment3.In1966:ICCwasregardedasthecurriculumintheUS.4.In1970:ICCwasrecognizedasanindependentareapfstudybytheInternationalCommunicationAssociation(国际传播学会).TheHistoryofItsDevelopment5.In1972:ThefirstinternationalconferenceoninternationalcommunicationwasheldinJapan.6.In1983:Gudykunst,AmercanwellknownscholarinICC,editedthefirsttextoninterculturalcommunicationtheory,InterculturalCommunicationTheories.TheHistoryofItsDevelopment7.Inthe1990sTheoryconstructionandtestingcontinues.