Unit-3--Cultural-Diversity-文化多样性

Unit3CulturalDiversityCulturaldiversityisusedtomeanthevarietyofhumansocietiesorculturesinaspecificregion.---FromWikipedia“文化多样性”用来指特定区域内的人类社会或文化的多样性.---来自维基百科1.WarmupP.76friendsMr.Zhaoaskedtoomuch,Icannotunderstandit.Mr.QianMr.ZhaoJacksonWeareintimatefriends.WhydoesJacksonsaythatMr.Zhaohasaskedtoomuch?Betweenfriendsthereisinevitablyakindofequalityofgive-and-take.Butindifferentcultures,peopleviewthisdifferently.•InChineseculture,friendshipsdevelopslowlybecausetheyarebuilttolast.WeChinesepreferthesaying“Afriendindeedisafriendinneed.”Andweneverrefusetheaskingforhelpfromafriend.Weneverforgetthetimelyhelpbyafriendwhenweareontherocks.•ButInAmericanculture,theyviewthisinadifferentway.Oncehelped,theyoffertheirhelponlyonce.That’swhyJacksonsaidthatMr.Zhaowasaskingtoomuch.Intheirview,friendshipsarebasedoncommoninterests.Q:WHATARETHETIPSIFYOUWANTTOMAKEFRIENDS?WHATISTHEMOSTIMPORTANT?TrustHonestyUnderstandingLoyaltyRespectSenseofhumorEqualityCompanionshipCommunicationBethereforyouREADINGⅠDifferentLands,DifferentFriendshipsFrenchFriendshipsGermanFriendshipsEnglishFriendshipsCOMPREHENSIONQUESTIONS1.WhyisitcomparativelyeasytomakefriendsintheUnitedStates?BecausefewAmericansstayputforalifetime.Witheachmove,formingnewfriendshipbecomesanecessityandpartoftheirnewlife.(para.1)2.Dopeoplefromdifferentcountriesusuallyhavedifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing?Yes.Thedifficultywhenstrangersfromtwocountriesmeetistheirdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing..(para.3)3.HowisfriendshipinAmericadifferentfromfriendshipinWestEurope?InWestEurope,friendshipisquitesharplydistinguishedfromother,morecasualrelationships,isusuallymoreparticularizedandcarriesaheavierburdenofcommitment,whileinAmericatheword―friendcanbeappliedtoawiderangeofrelationshipandafriendshipmaybesuperficial,casual,situationalordeepandenduring.(para.3-4)4.Inwhatcountrydoesfriendshiphavemuchtodowithone'sfamily?Andinwhatcountrydoesitnot?InGermany,friendshiphasmuchtodowithone’sfamilyasfriendsareusuallybroughtintothefamily,whileinFranceitdoesn’tas,forinstance,twomenmayhavebeenfriendsforalongtimewithoutknowingeachother’spersonallife..(para.10.13)5.Whatisfriendshiplikewhenitiscompartmentalized?Forinstance,amanmayplaychesswithafriendforthirtyyearswithoutknowinghispoliticalopinions,orhemaytalkpoliticswithhimforaslongatimewithoutknowingabouthispersonallife.Differentfriendsfilldifferentnichesineachperson’slife..(para.10)6.WhatarefriendshipsusuallybasedoninEngland?Englishfriendshipsarebasedonsharedactivity.Activitiesatdifferentstagesoflifemaybeofverydifferentkinds.Inthemidstoftheactivity,whateveritmaybe,peoplefallintostepsandfindthattheyparticipateintheactivitywiththesameeasyanticipationofwhateachwilldodaybydayorinsomecriticalsituation..(para.14)7.Doyouthinkfriendshipsharessomecommonelementsindifferentcultures?Ifyoudo,whatarethey?Yes.Thereistherecognitionthatfriendship,incontrastwithkinship,invokesfreedomofchoice.Afriendissomeonewhochoosesandischosen.Relatedtothisisthesenseeachfriendgivestheotherofbeingaspecialindividual,onwhatevergroundsthisrecognitionisbased.Andbetweenfriendsthereisinevitablyakindofequalityofgive-and-take.(para.15)8.WhatdoyouthinkisthetypicalChineseconceptoffriendship?IsitsimilartoordifferentfromanyoftheWesternfriendships?ItseemsthatthetypicalChineseconceptoffriendshiplaysgreatemphasisonpersonalloyaltyandalsohasmuchtodowithfamily.ItmaybesimilartoGermanyfriendshiptosomeextentandquitedifferentfromotherWesternfriendships.CanyoumakeaconclusionthathowdoAmericansregardfriendship?Americansusetheword“friends”inaverygeneralway.Theymaycallbothcasualacquaintancesandclosecompanions“friends”.Theyhaveschoolfriends,sportsfriendsandneighborhoodfriends.Thesefriendshipsarebasedoncommoninterests,whichdevelopquicklyandchangequickly,too.P.81FAMILYSTRUCTURE(P.83)ChineseFamilyFilipinos[ˌfɪlɪˈpi:nəʊ]FamilyVietnamese[ˌvjetnə'mi:z]FamilyJapaneseFamilyLatinAmericanFamily