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历史文化类（一）1.历史那些事儿四大文明古国FourAncientCivilizations★★★中国China★★★古巴比伦ancientBabylon★★☆古埃及ancientEgypt★★☆古印度ancientIndia★★☆悠久的历史long/time-honouredhistory★★★辉煌灿烂的文化brilliant/glorious/gorgeous/splendidculture★★★传播到世界每一个角落spread...toeverycorneroftheworld★★☆spread...toallcornersoftheworld★★☆2.朝代基本信息夏theXiadynasty★★☆商theShangdynasty★★☆周theZhoudynasty★★☆春秋theSpringandAutumnperiod★★☆战国theWarringStatesperiod★★☆秦theQindynasty★★★汉theHandynasty★★★三国theThreeKingdomsperiod★★☆东西晋theEasternJindynasty;theWesternJindynasty★☆☆南北朝theNorthernandSoutherndynasties★☆☆隋theSuidynasty★★★唐theTangdynasty★★★五代十国theFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiod★☆☆宋theSongdynasty★★★元theYuandynasty★★★明theMingdynasty★★★清theQingdynasty★★★建立begin/startinXX(year);befounded/establishedinXX(year)★★★灭亡end/collapseinXX(year);beoverthrowninXX(year)★★★统治……时间rule(China)forXXyears★★★皇帝继位登基(emperor)come/succeedtothethrone★☆☆巩固执政地位consolidatetherulingstatus/position★★☆巩固执政根基consolidatetherulingfoundation★★☆皇位继承者theheirtothethrone★☆☆废弃旧的政治制度abolishtheoldpoliticalsystem★★☆建立新的政治制度establishthenewpoliticalsystem★★☆政治局面politicalsituation★★☆动荡不安unrest;turbulent;inturmoil★★☆平稳有序orderly;peaceful;stable★★☆最高统治者supremeruler;sovereign★★☆保持政局稳定maintainthestabilityofpoliticalsystem★★☆(国库)充盈(nationaltreasury)beabundantlysupplied★★☆开创者founder(ofadynasty)★★☆战争／武力war;militaryforce★★☆建立政权establishthepoliticalpower★★☆减轻税负reducethetaxburden★★☆恢复生产resumeproduction★★☆增殖人口increasepopulation★★☆政治稳定relativelystablepoliticalpower★★★经济繁荣highlydevelopedeconomy★★★文化昌盛flourishing/prosperousculture★★★安居乐业liveandworkinpeaceandcontentment★★☆丰衣足食haveamplefoodandclothing;bewell-fedandwell-clothed★★☆太平盛世timeofpeaceandprosperity★★☆3.科技方面成就四大发明FourGreatInventions★★★造纸术papermaking★★★指南针compass★★★火药gunpowder★★★印刷术printing★★★西汉theWesternHandynasty★★☆东汉theEasternHandynasty★★☆书写材料writingmaterials★★☆航海navigation★★☆率领船队leadthefleet(ofships)★★☆七下西洋sailtothewesternseasseventimes★★☆探险航行voyageofexploration★★☆炼金术士Taoistalchemist★☆☆炼制丹药makepillsofimmortality★☆☆燃烧combustion★☆☆爆炸explosion★☆☆活字印刷术movabletypeprinting★★☆雕版印刷术woodblockprinting★★☆印刷效率printingefficiency★★☆封建社会feudalsociety★★★科技发达advancedscienceandtechnology★★★水钟waterclock★☆☆日晷sundial★☆☆地动仪seismograph★☆☆古代社会的发展thedevelopmentofancientsociety★★★世界文明的发展thedevelopmentofworldcivilization★★★加剧全球化进程acceleratetheprocessofglobalization★★★人类文明的进步theprogressofhumancivilization★★★陆上丝绸之路theContinentalSilkRoad★★☆海上丝绸之路theMaritimeSilkRoad★★☆出使西域beonadiplomaticmissiontotheWesternRegions★★☆茶叶tea★★☆瓷器porcelain★★☆刺绣embroidery★★☆药材medicinalmaterials★★☆调料seasoning★★☆马匹horse★★☆互通有无exchangeneededgoods/products★★☆贸易路线traderoute★★☆友好往来friendlycommunication★★☆联系东西方文化linkEasternandWesterncultures★★★和平、友谊之路roadofpeaceandfriendship★★★4.文化方面成就中华传统文化traditionalChineseculture★★★博大精深extensiveandprofound★★☆源远流长long-standingandwell-established★★☆中国传统哲学思想traditionalChinesephilosophy★★★四大名著theFourGreatClassicalNovels★★★中国传统文学作品traditionalChineseliteraryworks★★★worksoftraditionalChineseliterature★★★秦始皇theFirstEmperorofQin★★☆焚书坑儒theburningofbooks;theburyingofscholars★★☆汉武帝EmperorWuofHan★★☆儒家思想Confucianism;Confucianthought★★★治理国家run/rule/governthecountry★★☆孔子Confucius★★★儒家文化Confucianculture★★★主流文化mainstreamculture★★☆行为准则codeofbehaviour★★☆仁benevolence★★☆义righteousness★★☆礼principles★★☆智intelligence★★☆信trustworthiness★★☆尽孝道showfilialpietytoparents★☆☆中庸之道theDoctrineoftheMean★☆☆道家思想Taoism;Taoistthought★★★崇尚节俭advocatethrift★★☆清净discardalldesiresandworriesfromone’smind★☆☆无为governbydoingnothingthatgoesagainstnature★☆☆老子Laozi(MasterLao)★★★庄子Zhuangzi(MasterZhuang)★★★道家哲学Taoistphilosophy★★★阴阳五行Yin-YangandFiveElements★★☆互相对立contradictory★★☆互相联系interconnected★★☆金、木、水、火、土Metal;Wood;Water;Fire;Earth★★★佛教Buddhism★★★外来文化alienculture★★☆文化交流culturalexchange★★★文化融合culturalintegration★★★佛家思想Buddhistthought★★★生死轮回repetitivecycleofbirthanddeath★☆☆众生平等theequalityofallhumanbeings★☆☆因果报应thelawofcauseandeffect★☆☆文学体裁literaryform/style/genre★★☆诗歌verse;poetry★★★散文prose★★★小说novel;fiction★★★戏剧play;drama;theatre★★★诗经theClassicofPoetry;theBookofSongs★★☆先秦散文prosewritingsofthepre-Qinage★☆☆楚辞theVersesofChu;theSongsofChu★☆☆汉赋prose-poetryintheHandynasty★☆☆唐诗Tangpoetry★★★宋词Songpoetry★★★元曲Yuanpoetry★★★明清小说fictionsoftheMingandQingdynasties★★☆水浒传WaterMargin;OutlawsoftheMarsh★★★三国演义RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms★★★西游记JourneytotheWest★★★红楼梦DreamoftheRedChamber;TheStoryoftheStone★★★出版时间publicationdate★★☆作者writer;author★★☆写作背景writingbackground★★☆主人公leadingcharacter;protagonist★★☆故事情节plot;storyline★★☆出版于bepublishedin/during…★★★由……撰写bewrittenby/attributedto…★★★植根于berootedin...;haverootsin…★★☆宗教信仰religiousfaiths/beliefs★★☆神话传说ancientmythsandlegends★★☆基于历史事件bebasedonhistoricalevents★★☆详细讲述giveafull/detailedaccountof…★★☆佛教高僧Buddhistmonk★★☆重重磨难manytrialsandmuchsuffering★☆☆取回佛教真经getbackBuddhistsacredtexts★☆☆【补充词汇】1.先秦时期旧石器时代OldStoneAge★★☆新石器时代NewStoneAge★★☆远古时代ancienttimes★★★原始社会primitivesociety★★★华夏祖先Chineseancestors★★★三皇五帝ThreeSovereignsandFiveLegends★☆☆黄帝YellowEmperor★☆☆炎帝YanEmperor★☆☆甲骨文ScriptsonOracleBones★☆☆青铜年代BronzeAge★★☆天命MandateofHeaven★☆☆天子SonoftheH