第三章烯烃、炔烃和二烯烃1.选择题(1).C(2).A(3).A(4).D(5).A(6).D(7).C(8).A(9).A(10).D2.用系统命名法命名下列化合物:(1)2-甲基-4-乙基-3-己烯(2)(Z)-3-甲基-2-戊烯(3)4-甲基-2-丙基-1-戊烯(4)(Z)-4-甲基-3-庚烯(5)2,2-二甲基-5-乙基-3-庚烯(6)(E)-3-甲基-2-溴-2-戊烯(7)(2Z,4Z)-3,5-二甲基-2,4-庚二烯(8)(3E)-2,4-二甲基-1,3-己二烯3.写出下列化合物的构造式或构型式:(1)(H3C)2CCCH2CH3CH3(2)CCCH3HClH3C(3)CHH2CCCH3CH2(4)CHH2CCH2CHCH2(5)CCCH3CH2CH2CH3H3CH(6)CCCHH3CHCHCH3H4.写出2-甲基-2-丁烯与下列试剂作用的反应式:(1)H3CHCCCH3CH3Br2/CCl4CH3CHCCH3CH3BrBr(2)H3CHCCCH3CH3Br2/H2OCH3CHCCH3CH3OHBr(3)H3CHCCCH3CH3IClCH3CHCCH3CH3ClI(4)H3CHCCCH3CH3HBr/H2O2CH3CHCCH3CH3HBr(5)H3CHCCCH3CH3H2SO4CH3OSO3HHH2OCH3OHHCH3CHCCH3CH3CHCCH3(6)H3CHCCCH3CH3KMnO4/H+CH3COOH+CH3COCH3(7)H3CHCCCH3CH3(1)O3CH3CHO+CH3COCH3(2)H2O/Zn5.完成下列反应式:(1)H3CH2CCCHHBr(2mol)HgSO4/H2SO4KMnO4/H+HCNCH3CH2CCH3BrBrCH3CH2CCH3OCH3CH2COOH+CO2+H2OH3CH2CCCH2CNPDF文件使用pdfFactory试用版本创建(2)CH3HBrH3CBr(3)HBr(H3C)2CCHCH3NaCl/H2O(CH3)2CCH2CH3+(CH3)2CCH2CH3+(CH3)2CCH2CH3OHClBr(4)H3CHCCH2Cl2ClH2CHCCH2CH2Cl(5)H3CH2CCCHHCl(1mol)KMnO4/H+O3/Zn,H2OH2CCHCHOH3CHCCHCH2ClHOOCCOOH+CO2+H2OCH3CH2CHO+HCHOCHO6.用简便的化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物:(1)丙炔Ag(NH3)2NO3丙烷丙烯无白色沉淀无白色沉淀白色沉淀Br2/H2O溴水颜色不变溴水褪色(2)Ag(NH3)2NO3无白色沉淀无白色沉淀白色沉淀乙基环丙烷1-戊烯1-戊炔1,3-戊二烯顺丁烯二酸酐无白色沉淀无白色沉淀无白色沉淀白色沉淀KMnO4/H+不褪色褪色7.将下列碳正离子按稳定性顺序由大到小排列:(1)(CH3)3CCH3CHCH2CH3CHCH3CH2CH3(2)CH2CH3CH2(CH3)2CHCH3CH2CH2CH3(3)CH2CH3CH2CH2NO28.请用简便的化学方法将正己烷(无色液体)中的少量1-己烯除去。将混有少量1-己烯的正己烷放入分液漏斗中,加入少许浓硫酸振荡后静置分层,1-己烯PDF文件使用pdfFactory试用版本创建与浓硫酸反应生成的产物溶于浓硫酸中,而正己烷不溶于浓硫酸,分去下层即可将少量的1-己烯除去。9.以下是某烃经氧化剂氧化的产物,请写出原烃可能的结构式:(1)CCHCH3H3CH3C(2)C2H5CH2CH3CHCH2CH或C2H5CH3CHCH2CCH(3)CH310.下列化合物中那些具有π–π共轭体系?那些具有缺电子p–π共轭体系?那些具有多电子p–π共轭体系?那些具有σ–π超共轭体系?(3)、(4)具有π–π共轭体系;(2)具有缺电子p–π共轭体系;(3)具有多电子p–π共轭体系;(1)、(4)具有具有σ–π超共轭体系11.推导结构式:(A)CH3(B)CH3CHCH2CH3Br(C)H2CCHCH2CH3或H3CHCCHCH3有关反应式为:Br2/H2OCH3CHCH2CH2BrBrCH3HBrCH3CHCH2CH3BrCH3H2CCHCH2CH3HBrCH3CHCH2CH3BrHBrCH3CHCH2CH3BrH3CHCCHCH3H2CCHCH2CH3Br2/H2OCH2CHCH2CH3BrBrBr2/H2OH3CHCCHCH3CH3CHCHCH3BrBrH2CCHCH2CH3KMnO4/H+CH3CH2COOH+CO2+H2OKMnO4/HH3CHCCHCH3+CH3CH2COOH12.推导结构式:(A)CH3CHCHCH(CH3)2(B)CH3CH2CHC(CH3)2(C)CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)213.推导结构式:(A)CH(CH3)2CHCH2C(B)CH2(H3C)2CCHCHPDF文件使用pdfFactory试用版本创建(CH3)2CHCH2CBr2/CCl4(CH3)2CHCCHBr2BrBrCH2(H3C)2CCHCHBr2/CCl4BrCCHCHCH2BrBrBrBrH3CCH(CH3)2CHCH2CH2/NiCH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2(H3C)2CCHCHH2/NiCH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH(CH3)2CHCH2CAg(NH3)2NO3CAg(CH3)2CHCH2CCH2(H3C)2CCHCH(1)O3(2)Zn/H2OCH3COCH3+OHCCHO+HCHO14.从指定的原料合成:Cl2高温Br2/CCl4H3CHCCH2ClH2CHCCH2ClCH2CHCH2BrBrCl2高温H3CHCCH2ClH2CHCCH2ClCH2CHCH2HBrHBr/H2O2H2SO4HgSO4,H2OH3CCCHCH3CCH3O15.请将下列化合物的异戊二烯单元划分出来,并指出他们个属于哪一类萜。(1)O(2)H2C属于单环单萜属于倍半萜(3)COOH(4)OOO属于二萜属于倍半萜16.结构推导式:PDF文件使用pdfFactory试用版本创建