加州电力市场失败的教训

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.,A.K.David2(11,310027;21,):,,,,:;;;;:TM73;F12319:20012022130,,,[1],,[2],(marketpower),,[3],,[3],20011,115%,,IBM(Intel):,,,,(PG&E),110,,,3,,,:9%15%,;,(),100,,,,100,,,,,,,,,199611996,,12552001310Vol.25No.5Mar.10,2001©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.,(CaliforniaPublicUtilityCommittee,CPUC),,,,,,10%,199620023,,,,,,,,,,?,50%,,;,,,,,,(2,1998420004),,,,,,CPUC2000,15%,,,,22090,,,,3,2000,,(,10),,,,,,,,211,,,,,,,,,,,,3,,,212,,,,2©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,,,[3],,,?,,,,,,,,,,(NGC),,,,,,,,213,,,,(,),,,,21419993,CPUC,,[3],CPUC2000,,CPUC,,,,,,,,,,?2000,,,,,,,,,215,(6),216,,,,,(30),217,,,,,,,,,218(marketclearingprice,MCP),,3©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.,MCP,,,MCP,,,,,(55%30),:?,CPUC3,,,,,:,;10,,,,4,,,,1015,,,,,?,,,,,?,,,[48],6(indicativeplan)[9],,,,,,5,,,,,,,,,,,4©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.,1PattonAD,SinghC,RobinsonDG.TheImpactofRestructuringPolicyChangesonPowerGridReliability.http:ööee.tamu.eduöpapersösandiarep.pdf2ChengJWM,McGillisDT,GalianaFD.PowerSystemReliabilityinaDeregulatedEnvironment.In:Proceedingsof2000CanadianConferenceonElectricalandComputerEngineering.NovaScotia(Canada):2000.7657683DavidAK,WenFS.MarketPowerinGenerationMarkets.In:ProceedingsofIEEInternationalConferenceonAdvancesinPowerSystemControl,Operation&Management(APSCOM’2000).HongKong:2000.2422484BorgTG,GlendeL,FismenSA,etal.TheChallengeofEnsuringAdequateGenerationCapacityintheCompetitiveNorwegianPowerMarket.In:CIGRE372103.19985SoderL.WhoShouldbeResponsibleforGenerationCapacityAddition?In:ProceedingsofInternationalConferenceonElectricUtilityDeregulationandRestructuringandPowerTechnologies(DRPT’2000).London(UK):2000.2963016LoganDM.AreGenerationCapacityMarketsWorking?In:2000IEEEPowerEngineeringSocietyWinterMeeting.Singapore:20007RauNS.TheNeedforCapacityMarketsintheDeregulatedElectricalIndustryAReview.In:Proceedingsof1999IEEEPowerEngineeringSocietyWinterMeeting.NewYork(USA):1999.4114158FedoraPA,KazinCA.ImplementingNEPOOL’sRestructuringProposal:TheInstalledCapacityMarket.In:ProceedingsoftheThirty2FirstHawaiiInternationalConferenceonSystemSciences.Hawaii(USA):1998.1321379RudnickH,QuinterosR.PowerSystemPlanningintheSouthAmericaElectricMarketRestructuring.In:Proceedingsof6thSymposiumofSpecialistsinElectricOperationalandExpansionPlanning(SEPOPE).Bahia(Brazil):1998,,,,A.K.David,,,,IEEEFellow,ElectricPowerSystemsResearch,LESSONSFROMELECTRICITYMARKETFAILUREINCALIFORNIAWenFushuan1YA.K.David2;1.ZhejiangUniversityKHangzhou310027KChinaG;2.TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversityKHongKongKChinaGAbstractPThebalancingofcompetitiveopportunitiesandregulatorymeasuresisofgreatstrategicimportanceinelectricitysupplyindustry;ESIGreformsincetheESIisacriticalnationalinfrastructurewhosefailurewillhaveseveresocialandpoliticalimplications.InthispaperKfactorswhichmayhaveledtotherecentelectricitycrisisinCaliforniaareanalyzedfirstKfollowedbyabriefdiscussionabouttheimpactofthiseventonthepowerindustryrestructuringinAsiaKandabouttheissueofhowtoensuresufficientgenerationcapacityundertheelectricitymarketenvironment.ThisworkisjointlysupportedbyresearchfundofHongKongPolytechnicUniversityandaresearchfoundationprojectfromMinistryofEducationforPh.DStudentTrainingProgram.KeywordsPelectricitymarketMregulationMgenerationcapacityMinvestmentMinstalledcapacitymarket2000()ö()200,2000()393361,2,10,21,2,,,,,,5©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.,c1d1n,e1d,f1g1a,,,ATC,,,ATC5,ATC,ATC,,1FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission.OpenAccessSame2TimeInformationSystem(FormerlyReal2TimeInformationNetworks)andStandardsofConduct.DocketNo.RM95292000,Order889,19962TianY,GrossG.OASISNET:AnOASISNetworkSimulator.IEEE1998PESWinterMeeting.Tampa,FL:19983TransmissionTransferCapability.AReferenceDocumentforCalculatingandReportingtheElectricPowerTransmissionCapabilityofInterconnectedElectricSystems.NorthAmericanElectricReliabilityCouncil,19954AvailableTransferCapabilityDefinitionsandDetermination:AReferenceDocumentPreparedbyTTCTaskForce.NorthAmericanElectricReliabilityCouncil,19965SaucerPW,GrijalvaS.ErrorAnalysisinElectricPowerSystemAvailableTransferCapabilityComputation.DecisionSupportSystem,1999,24(324):3213306EjebeGC,TongJ,WaightJG,etal.AvailableTransferCapabilityCalculations.IEEETransonPowerSystems,1998,13(4):152115277SaucerPW.TechnicalChallengesofComputingAvailableTransferCapability(ATC)inElectricPowerSystem.ProceedingsofHICSS230Conference,19978GravenerMH,ChikaNwankpa.AvailableTransferCapabilityandFirstOrderSensitivity.IEEETransonPowerSystem,1999,14(2)9VojdaniAR.ComputingAvailableTransmissionCapacityUsingTrace.EPRIPowerSystemPlanning&OperationNews,1995,1(1)10RezaniaE,ShahidehpourSM.AFastContingencyMethodforDeterminationofAvaila