初中英语语法：句子结构

陕西至优在线教育创建一流的网络教育服务平台，做您身边最优秀的教育辅导专家！语法：句子结构课题：初中英语中的句子结构重点：句子的结构成分难点：分析并列句和复合句中的各个成分一、以练习导入课【Practice】引导学生自己解释所考知识点1.---Excuseme,couldyoutellme________?----Itwillleaveat4:00p.m.A.howwillyougotoShanghaiB.howyouwillgotoShanghaiC.whenwillthebusleaveforShanghaiD.whenthebuswillleaveforShanghai2.Couldyoutellme________?A.whatisyourjobB.whatyourjobisC.yourjobiswhatD.whatwasyourjob3.---Couldyoutellushowlong________?---Aboutthreeyears.A.doesthesportsmeetinglastB.thesportsmeetingwilllastC.thesportsmeetinglastD.willthesportsmeetinglast4.I'mnotsure______MrWangiscomingornot.A.thatB.aboutC.ofD.whether5.---Idon'tknow_____hewillcometomorrow.---Don'tworry.______hecomes,I'llletyouknow.A.whether;IfB.if;WhetherC.when;WhetherD.that;If6.Janedidn'tgotoschooltoday,butnooneknew_________.A.whathadhappenedtoherB.whathashappenedtoherC.what'sthematterwithherD.howwasshe7.Idon'tmind______theywillcome.A.ifornotB.whethernornotC.whetherornoD.iforno总结：【Studentcansumuptheknowledgepoints】简单句、并列句和复合句1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。2)并列句：相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。【句型】简单句+并列连词+简单句陕西至优在线教育创建一流的网络教育服务平台，做您身边最优秀的教育辅导专家！【分类】1、连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.3、表转折，常用的连词有but,still,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表因果，常用的连词有so,for,since，because，becauseof，as等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.3）复合句：主句+从句。即含有一个或一个以上从句的句子从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。【句型】主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.二、本节课知识讲解句子基本结构(5种)1)主语+谓语(S+V)2)主语+连系动词+表语(S+L+P)3)主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)4)主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语(S+V+O+C)【句子成分】包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语、同位语和插入语。即：（定语）主语（同位语）+（状语）谓语+（定语）宾语（同位语）+（宾补）（状语）（一）主语(Subject)(Subject)(Subject)(Subject)：一般位于句首，在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后，由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、陕西至优在线教育创建一流的网络教育服务平台，做您身边最优秀的教育辅导专家！名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：1.Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.ItItItItisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（二）谓语：谓语一般是动词、动词短语以及复合动词1111）回顾动词分类：（引导学生自己总结并系统所学知识点）助动词情态动词实义动词系动词（bebebebe动词）2222）谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。((((三）表语(Predicative)(Predicative)(Predicative)(Predicative)说明主语性质、特征、状态与身份，位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Isityours?3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Thespeechisexciting.5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.1111）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有bebebebe一词2222）持续系动词表示继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,keep,keep,keep,remain,remain,remain,remain,stay,stay,stay,stay,lie,lie,lie,lie,standstandstandstand3333）表像系动词用来表示““““看起来像””””这一概念，主要有seem,seem,seem,seem,appear,appear,appear,appear,looklooklooklook4444）感官系动词主要有feel,feel,feel,feel,smell,smell,smell,smell,sound,sound,sound,sound,taste,taste,taste,taste,5555）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,become,become,become,grow,grow,grow,grow,turn,turn,turn,turn,fall,fall,fall,fall,get,get,get,get,go,go,go,go,come,come,come,come,runrunrunrun6666）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,prove,prove,prove,turnturnturnturnout,out,out,out,表达结果是;;;;证明是（四）宾语（ObjectObjectObjectObject）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：陕西至优在线教育创建一流的网络教育服务平台，做您身边最优秀的教育辅导专家！1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.宾语种类：（1111）双宾语（间接宾语++++直接宾语），例如：LendLendLendLendmemememeyouryouryouryourdictionary,dictionary,dictionary,dictionary,please.please.please.please.To:To:To:To:write,write,write,write,tell,tell,tell,tell,pass,pass,pass,pass,give,give,give,give,send,send,send,send,promise,promise,promise,promise,show,show,show,show,hand,hand,hand,hand,read,read,read,read,tell,tell,tell,tell,bring,bring,bring,bring,throwthrowthrowthrow等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday....For:For:For:For:leave,leave,leave,leave,buy,buy,buy,buy,build,build,build,build,choose,choose,choose,choose,cook,cook,cook,cook,draw,draw,draw,draw,find,find,find,find,get,get,get,get,order,order,order,order,post,post,post,post,savesavesavesave等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2222）复合宾语（宾语++++宾补），例如：TheyTheyTheyTheyelectedelectedelectedelectedhimhimhimhimtheirtheirtheirtheirmonitor.monitor.monitor.monitor.接不定式做宾语：ask,ask,ask,ask,agree,agree,agree,agree,care,care,care,care,choose,choose,choose,choose,demand,demand,demand,demand,dare,dare,dare,dare,decide,decide,de