国学-易经(I-Ching中英文对照)

7/9/20131Confucianism-1©MinderChen,2012-2013IntroductionofConfucianismఙقᆈMinderChen,Ph.D.AssociateProfessorofMISMarti[e-mail]@gmail.comConfucianism-2©MinderChen,2012-2013Assumptions•Wheretherearepeople,thereispoliticsandmanagement.•Nothingpreparedyouforpoliticsorbusiness.•Usethewisdomfromsagesinthepasttostimulateourthoughtsandwisdom.•Managementandleadershipareapplicablealmosteverythingintheworld.•YourmanagementphilosophiesandleadershipstylesarepartiallyinfluencedbyChinesecultureandConfucianismhasdominatedChinesculturesforcenturies.Confucianism-3©MinderChen,2012-2013愛新覺羅·毓鋆Quotes‧以古人之智慧，啟發今人之智慧。‧勘破世情驚破膽,萬般不與政事同。‧中國學問都是治國平天下的藥方。•書是死的，腦子是活的，須深入會用。(〈朱子治家格言〉曰:「子孫雖愚,經書不可不讀。」)•別人問我：「你是什麼學派的？」我說：「我是問心學派。」任何事，先問自己的心有愧無愧？有愧，就不要去做。•大人就是無我，無我、無私就是「公」(背私為公)，故曰「大道之行，天下為公」故又曰「大人者，不失其赤子之心。」Confucianism-4©MinderChen,2012-2013DynastyChinesePinyinPeriodYears3Sovereigns&the5Emperors三皇五帝SānHuángWǔDì2500-2070BC430XiaDynasty夏Xià2070–1600BC470ShangDynasty商Shāng1600–1029BC571WesternZhouDynasty西周XīZhōu1029–771BC275EasternZhouDynastyDividedintoSpring&AutumnPeriodWarringStatesPeriod東周春秋戰國DōngZhōuChūnqiūZhànguó770–256BC722–476BC475–221BC514246254QinDynasty秦Qín221–206BC15WesternHanDynasty西漢XīHàn206or202BC–9AD,23-25AD215XinDynasty新Xīn9–23AD14EasternHanDynasty東漢DōngHàn25–220195ThreeKingdoms三國SānGuó220–265or28045WesternJinDynasty西晉XīJìn265–31752EasternJinDynasty東晉DōngJìn317–420103Page17/9/20132Confucianism-5©MinderChen,2012-2013DynastyChinesePinyinPeriodYearsSouthernandNorthernDynasties南北朝NánBěiCháo386or420–589169SuiDynasty隋Suí581–61837TangDynasty唐Táng618–907289FiveDynastiesandTenKingdoms五代十國WǔDàiShíGuó907–96053NorthernSongDynasty北宋BěiSòng960–1127167SouthernSongDynasty南宋NánSòng1127–1279152LiaoDynasty遼Liáo907or916–1125209JinDynasty金Jīn1115–1234119WesternXia西夏XīXià1038–1227189YuanDynasty元Yuán1271–136897MingDynasty明Míng1368–1644or1662276QingDynasty清Qīng1636or1644–1911268©MinderChen,2012-2013HundredSchoolsofThought諸子百家1.Confucianism(儒家)2.Taoism(道家)3.Mohism(墨家)4.Legalism(法家)5.SchooloftheMilitary(兵家)6.SchoolofYin-yang(陰陽家)7.TheSchoolofDiplomacyorSchoolofVerticalandHorizontal[Alliances](縱橫家)8.Logicians(名家)9.TheMiscellaneousSchool(雜家)10.Agriculturalism(農家)11.TheSchoolofNovelists(Storytelling)(小說家)BuddhismandZenConfucianism-7©MinderChen,2012-2013Confucius•551~479B.C.‧孔子‧孔夫子‧大成至聖先師‧萬世師表Confucianism-8©MinderChen,2012-2013ConfuciusCanon•TheFourBooksandFiveClassics(四書五經SìshūWŭjīng)•TheFiveClassics:–TheBookofSongs(Odes)–TheBookofHistory(Officialdocuments)–《易經》TheBookofChanges–TheBookofRites–TheSpringandAutumnAnnals(Chronicle-recordsofhistoryevents-ofLu)•TheFourBooks:–TheGreatLearning(HigherEducation)–TheDoctrineoftheMean(CentralHarmony)–TheAnalectsofConfucius(DialogofConfuciusandhisdisciples)–MenciusPage27/9/20133Confucianism-9©MinderChen,2012-2013FourBooksTitleBriefDescriptionGreatLearning大學OriginallyonechapterintheClassicofRites.ItconsistsofashortmaintextattributedtoConfuciusandninecommentarychaptersbyZengZi,oneofConfucius'sdisciples.ItissignificantbecauseitexpressesmanythemesofChinesephilosophyandpoliticalthinking,andhasthereforebeenextremelyinfluentialbothinclassicalandmodernChinesethought.Government,selfcultivationandinvestigationofthingsarelinked.DoctrineoftheMean中庸AnotherchapterinClassicofRites,attributedtoConfucius'grandsonZisi.Thepurposeofthissmall,33-chapterbookistodemonstratetheusefulnessofagoldenwaytogainperfectvirtue.Itfocusesontheway(道)thatisprescribedbyaheavenlymandatenotonlytotherulerbuttoeveryone.TofollowtheseheavenlyinstructionsbylearningandteachingwillautomaticallyresultinaConfucianvirtue.TheAnalects論語AcompilationofspeechesbyConfuciusandhisdisciples,aswellasthediscussionstheyheld.SinceConfucius'stime,theAnalectshasheavilyinfluencedthephilosophyandmoralvaluesofChinaandlaterotherEastAsiancountriesaswell.Mencius孟子AcollectionofconversationsofthescholarMenciuswithkingsofhistime.IncontrasttothesayingsofConfucius,whichareshortandself-contained,theMenciusconsistsoflongdialogueswithextensiveprose.Confucianism-10©MinderChen,2012-2013TheFiveClassics五經TitleBriefDescriptionClassicofPoetry詩經Acollectionof305poemsdividedinto160folksongs,105festalsongssungatcourtceremonies,and40hymnsandeulogiessungatsacrificestogodsandancestralspiritsoftheroyalhouse.ClassicofHistory尚書AcollectionofdocumentsandspeechesallegedtohavebeenwrittenbyrulersandofficialsoftheearlyZhouperiodandbefore.ItispossiblytheoldestChinesenarrative,andmaydatefromthe6thcenturyBC.ItincludesexamplesofearlyChineseprose.ClassicofRites禮記Describesancientrites,socialformsandcourtceremonies.Theversionstudiedtodayisare-workedversioncompiledbyscholarsinthethirdcenturyBCratherthantheoriginaltext,whichissaidtohavebeeneditedbyConfuciushimself.ClassicofChanges易經AlsoknownasIChingorBookofChanges.Thebookcontainsadivinationsystemanditisstillwidelyusedforthispurpose.SpringandAutumnAnnals春秋AlsoknownasLīnJīng(麟經),ahistoricalrecordofthestateofLu,Confucius'snativestat