中考英语主谓一致

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-1语法复习专题----主谓一致一、考点聚焦1、语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。(1).Thenumberofstudentsinourschool____(be)1700.(2).MaryandKelly_____(be)alike.2、意义上一致(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。Myfamily(be)watchingTVat7o’clockyesterdayevening.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle、militia等。(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。Thenews(be)veryexciting.复数形式代表单数内容的词有news、works(工厂)、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、politics、economics等。isarewereis-23、就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。并列主语由连词or、either…or、neither…nor、notonly…butalso…等连接时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。EitheryouorI_____(be)mad.Eithertheteacherorthestudents(be)toblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher(do)knowaboutit.Therebe句型中,也遵循就近原则。There(be)mywifeandfamilytolookafter.There(be)anapple,twoorangesandsomebananasontheplate.amaredoesn’tisis-34、应注意的若干问题(1)名词作主语。①集体名词family,team,class,group,nation,world,government等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数,反之用复数。Myfamily______(be)goingoutforatrip.Thewholefamily______(be)watchingTV.这类词还有audience、club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、party、public、等。Population和“agroup(crowd)of+复数名词”也适用于这种情况,强调整体用单数,强调各个部分用复数。②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。Thepolice______(have)caughtthethief.People______(be)talkingaboutthenews.③单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheep______(be)overthere.Somesheep_______(be)overthere.isareisarehaveare-4④名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等;作主语时,动词一般用单数。Myuncle’s______(be)notfarfromhere.常见的省略名词有thebaker’s,thedoctor’s,theZhang’s等。⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数。Thirtyyears_____(be)passed.Fiveminutes_____(be)enoughtofinishthetask.⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclass______(have)adictionary.isisishas-5⑦如果主语有morethanone…或manya…构成,尽管从意义上看是复数内容,它的谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudent_____(have)seentheplay.Manyaboy_____(have)boughtthatkindoftoy.但是,“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后,谓语用复数。Moremembersthanone(be)againstyourplan.⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。Yourtrousers(be)tooshort.但如果主语用akindof、apairof、aseriesof等加名词构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoes___(be)onthedesk.hashasareareis-6⑨thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书),其谓语动词用单数;短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)(这一类人),但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数,menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数,allkindsof后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。Thiskindofmen___(be)dangerous.Menofthiskind_____(be)dangerous.⑩复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有a、sucha、this、that修饰时,谓语用单数;有all、such、these、those修饰时,谓语用复数。The/Thisglassworks(be)setupin1980.The/Theseglassworks(be)neartherailwaystation.isarewasare-7(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest、part等词语,所指是复数意义,谓语动词用复数形式,反之用单数。Allofmystudents(be)workinghard.Alloftheoil____(be)gone.(12)在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Betweenthetwowindows_______(hang)anoilpainting.(2)由连接词连接的名词作主语。①用and或both…and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truthandhonesty_____(be)thebestpolicy.Toloveandtobeloved_______(be)thegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly____(be)agoodhabit.Aknifeandfork_____(be)onthetable.areishangsareareisis-8②当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with、like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定。Theteacheraswellasthestudents(be)excited.Theroomwithitsfurniture(be)rented.③以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接的词作主语时,采取“就近原则”。Tomorhisbrothers(be)waitingintheroom.Eitheryouorhe(be)togo.NeitheryounorInoranybodyelse(know)anythingaboutit.is/wasis/wasareisknows-9(3)代词作主语。①名词性物主代词后的动词,既可以用单数,也可以用复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours(OurParty)____(be)agreatParty.Yourshoes______(be)white,mine(=myshoes)______(be)black.②such、thesame起指示代词作用时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such______(be)ourplan.Such______(be)hislastwords.③关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Ihavetwosisters,who(be)bothstudents.Thetrainranoveraboyandhisdogthat(be)justcrossingthetrack.Thebuildingwhich(stand)neartheriverisourschool.isareareisarearewerestands-10④疑问词who、what、which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisXiaoLiu.”“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisWangandLi.”⑤不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时,要注意下列情况:(A)单独作主语时,视其在文中的意义,动词可用单数或复数形式。Nowall(have)beenchanged.All(be)present.Let’sbeginthemeeting.(B)其后接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词用单数形式;若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词可以是单数,也可以是复数;在正式文体中,单数形式的动词更常用。(do)anyofyouknowabouttheaccident?Noneofus(have)seenthefilm.liveslivehasareDose/dohas/have-11(4)分数、量词作主语。①“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语以及由“some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,avarietyof,therestof+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而名词前面的量词是修饰语。Lotsofdamage______(be)causedbyflood.Alotofstudents_______(have)gonetothecountryside.Alargequantityofbeer_______(be)sold.②(large)quantitiesof修饰少数复数名词或不可数名词作主语时,谓语用复数。largeamountsof修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。Quantitiesoffood(be)onthetable.Largeamountsofmoney(be)spentonthebridge.washavewasare/werewere-12③表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfapples____(be)leftonthetable.④halfof、(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词复数时,谓语动词用复数。Halfofthef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