交通运输专业英语课件

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Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)交通运输专业英语交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)基本要求:通过本章的学习,使学生掌握内燃机的结构和工作原理相关专业英语词汇及表述方法,使学生能流利阅读准确翻译相关语句,并掌握常用英汉互译技巧。重点难点:流利阅读相关文献,准确翻译短句。交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)NewWords&Expressions:Self-contained独立的compressvt.压缩pistonn.活塞crankshaftn.曲轴crankn.曲柄carburetorn.化油器connectingrod连杆rodn.杆,棒rockern.摇臂rockn.岩石,摇动;v.摇动,摆动rockerarm摇臂pushrodn.推杆distributorn.分配器,配电器distributev.camshaftn.凸轮轴camn.valvelifter阀门挺杆valven.阀oilfilter机油滤清器filtern.;v.oilpump机油泵topdeadcentre上止点bottomdeadcentre下止点交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)manifoldn.[化]歧管,支管,导管n.复印本,多种;a.多种的;v.复写,增多eg.manifoldeffectinletn.进气,入口inletvalven.进气阀inductionn.引入,诱导,感应,进气exhaustv.;n.排出;排气(口),废气exhaustvalve排气阀staggerv.交错boren.孔v.boreaholeventurin.缩喉管jetn.喷嘴throttlen.节流阀depressionn.降低,下降,衰减pivotn.枢轴,支点vi,在枢轴上传动;vt.装枢轴于tiltv.倾斜,翻转principle:原则,原理;准则,道义principal:主要的,首要的vacuum:真空,真空度revolution:革命,循环,周期sectional:截面的,剖面的;部分的,局部的交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)1PrincipleofOperationTheengineisaself-containedpowerunitwhichconvertstheheatenergyoffuelintomechanicalenergyformovingthevehicle.发动机是一个独立的动力装置,它把燃料燃烧产生的热能转变成机械能,从而推动车辆运行。Becausefuelisburnedwithin,theengineisknownasaninternalcombustion(IC)engine.IntheICengine,anair-fuelmixtureisintroducedintoaclosedcylinderwhereitiscompressedandthenignited.introduce:介绍,引荐;引进;输入,传入由于燃料在发动机气缸内燃烧,因此发动机被称为内部燃烧发动机。在内燃机中,空气和燃油的混合物被引入一个封闭的气缸,在气缸内空气和燃油的混合物先被压缩,然后被点燃。Theburningofthefuel(combustion)causesarapidriseincylinderpressurewhichisconvertedtousefulmechanicalenergybythepistonandcrank-shaft.燃烧引起气缸内压力迅速上升,而这快速上升的压力,通过活塞和曲轴转化成非常有用的机械能。交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)Thefuelmaybeignitedeitherbyasparkorbycompressiongivingrisetoclassificationsofspark-ignition(SI)andcompression-ignition(CI)engines.giveriseto:引起,使发生givingriseto:得到…结果(状语,直译:这样,从而,因此,使)classification:分类,分级,类别燃油可以由火花或者通过压缩点燃,从而分为火花点燃式和压燃式两种类型的发动机。AnsectionalengineviewofatypicalsparkignitionpetrolengineisshowninFig.2.1,detailingthemajorcomponents.sectional:截面的,剖面的;部分的,局部的detailing:详述,细说component:组成部分,零件,部件图2.1为典型点燃式汽油发动机的剖面图,详细展示了发动机的主要部件。交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)ThefourstrokesofsuchanengineareshowninFig.2.2.点燃式汽油发动机的4冲程如图2.2所示。Atthebeginningoftheinductionstroke(Fig.2.2a),theinletvalveopensandthepistontravelsdownthecylinderfromtopdeadcentre(TDC)tobottomdeadcentre(BDC).在进气冲程(图2.2a)开始时,进气门开启,活塞从气缸的上止点下行至下止点。Thepartialvacuumcreatedbythemovingpistoncausestheair-fuelmixturetorushinfromtheinletmanifoldandthroughtheopenvalve,intothecylinder.partial:部分的,不完全的;不公平的,偏袒的vacuum:真空,真空度活塞运动引起的不完全真空使空燃混合气从进气管经进气门冲入到气缸。Thecorrectair-fuelmixtureisprovidedbythecarburetor.精确的空气燃油混合气是由化油器所提供。Whenthepistonreachestheendofitsstroketheinletvalvecloses,sealingthetopendofthecylinderasbothvalvesareclosed.第一个end:终点,终了;第二个end:端面,端部当活塞到达行程终点时,进气门关闭,因两个气门都关闭,气缸顶部被密封。交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)InFig.2.2bthepistonismovingupthecylinder,compressingtheair-fuelmixturebetweenthepistonandcylinderheadtoaverysmallvolume—thecompressionstroke.Ismovingupthecylinder=ismovingupinthecylinder在图2.2b中,活塞在气缸中向上运动,将活塞与气缸顶部间的可燃混合气压缩成很小的体积,这就是压缩冲程。JustbeforeTDCanelectricalspark,generatedacrosstheelectrodesofthesparkplug,ignitestheair-fuelmixture.在活塞到达上止点之前,由火花塞电极产生电火花点燃可燃混合气。electrode:电极Forgoodperformancethetimingofthesparkmustbecloselycontrolled.为了得到良好的性能,必须对点火时间进行精确的控制。交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)Asthemixtureburns,thehotgasexpandscausingarapidandextremeriseincylinderpressure,tosuchanextentthatthepistonisforceddownthecylinderandtheconnectingrodgivesthecrankshaftapowerfulturningeffort.Thisisthecombustionstroke,alsocalledthepowerstroke,showninFig.2.2c.Turningeffort:翻转力,回转力tosuchanextentthat:结果,甚至于随着混合气燃烧,热空气膨胀,气缸压力急剧上升,以致活塞被迫向气缸下方运动,使连杆对曲轴作用一个强大的回转力。这就是燃烧冲程,也称为作功冲程,如图2.2c所示。Oncethemixturehasbeenburneditmustberemovedfromthecylinderasquicklyaspossible.一旦混合气被燃烧,它必须尽可能快地从气缸内排出。Intheexhauststroke(Fig.2.2d)therisingpistonpushesthehotgasesandcombustionproductsoutofthecylinderthroughtheopenexhaustvalveandexhaustsystemintotheearth’satmosphere.在排气冲程(图2.2d),上升的活塞将热空气和燃烧产物推出气缸,并通过排气门和排气系统将他们排到大气中去。交通运输专业英语Lesson2InternalCombustionEngine(PartⅠ)Thissequenceofeventsisrepeatedcontinually,withpowerdeliveredtothecrankshaftononlyoneofthefourstrokes—thecombustionstroke.这一系列的过程不断重复,而动力只在四个冲程中的一个——燃烧冲程中传递给曲轴。Crankshaftrotationcontinuesthroughtheotherstrokesduetothekineticenergyoftheheavyflywheelwhichisconnectedtothecrankshaft.kinetic:运动的kinetics:运动学kineticenergy:动能因为与曲轴相连的较重飞轮的动能,使曲轴能在其他冲程中持续旋转。Notethatthecrankshaftrotatesthroughtwofullrevolutionsforeachfour-strokecycleandasparkoccursonlyonceinthecylinder.revolution:革命,循环,周期值得注意的是,在每一个4冲程循环中,曲轴旋转两周而气缸只点火一次。Inamulticylinderengine,powerstrokesofeachcylinderarestaggeredsothatpowerisdeliveredalmostcontinuouslytothecrankshaftforasmoothoperation.在多气缸发动机中,每个气缸的做功冲程是交替进行的,这样动力就几乎可以持续不断的送给曲轴,使发动机平稳运行。交通运输专业英语Les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