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交通运输专业英语Lesson4DrivetrainTheclutchplateissplinedtotheshaftextendingfromthetransmissionor“gearbox”totheflywheel,commonlycalledaclutchshaftorinputshaft.离合器片用花键与从变速器伸出的轴（通常称为离合器轴）联接，与飞轮接合。Poweristransferredfromtheenginetothetransmission,whereitisroutedthroughdifferentgearratiostoobtainthebestspeedandpowertostartandkeepthevehiclemoving.动能从发动机传递到变速器，在这里他沿着不同的传动比路线传递以获得最佳的速度和动力来驱动车辆。Itisboltedtotheengineflywheelanditsmainpurposeistoexertpressureagainsttheclutchplate,holdingtheplatetightagainsttheflywheelandallowingthepowertoflowfromtheenginetothetransmission.压盘用螺栓联接在发动机飞轮上，其主要作用是向离合器片施加压力，使离合器片紧贴飞轮，从而把动力从发动机传递到变速器。Ahighertorqueisrequiredtodriveaheavily-loadedtruckupahillthanthatrequiredtodriveanemptytruckonaflatroad.重载货车爬坡比空车平路行驶需要更大的转矩。Theenginetorqueisappliedattheinputshaftofthegearboxandistransmittedtothecountershaftbymeansofasmallergearwheelontheinputshaftandalargergearwheelonthecountershaft.发动机转矩施加到变速器输入轴上，并且通过输入轴上的小齿轮和中间轴上的大齿轮传到中间轴。Therequiredgearratioisselectedbymeansofthegearlever,whichmovesaslidingsleeveontheoutputshaftsothattheappropriategearwheelswillmeshwiththecorrespondinggearwheelsonthecountershaft.所需的变速比用变速杆选择，变速杆移动输出轴上的滑动套，使适当的齿轮与中间轴上相应的齿轮啮合。Thedriveshaftisnotsolidlyboltedtothegearboxandthefinaldrive,whichmovesupanddownwithwheel-springmovement.驱动轴没有用螺栓固定联接在变速器和主减速器上，它可以随着车轮-弹簧上下运动。Itisessentiallyadouble-hingedjointthroughwhichthedrivingshaftcantransmitpowertothedrivenshaft,eventhoughthetwoshaftsaresomewhatoutoflinewitheachother.它实质上是一个双铰链连接，驱动轴能通过它把动力传给被动轴，尽管这两根轴并不完全在一条直线上。Betweentheyokesisacentermembershapedlikeacross.在两个叉之间有一个十字形的中心件。(倒装句)Theenginecrankshaftbeingarrangedatrightanglestotherearaxle,itfollowsthatatthebackaxlesomeformofgearingmustbeprovidedtotransmitthepowertoeachoftherearwheels,andatrightanglestothepropellershaft.发动机曲轴与后轴成直角，因此必须在后轴上安装某种类型的齿轮装置，以便把动力传递到其轴线与传动轴成直角的每个后轮上。Inthecaseofthebevelgear,whichconsistsmerelyoftwotoothedconesmeshingtogether,theiraxlesmeetinginapoint,asmallerbevelgearattachedtotherearendofthepropellershaftoritsflexiblecoupling,mesheswithalargerbevelwheel,knownastheCrownWheelwhichisattachedtoagearing,knownasthedifferentialgear,drivingthetworearwheels.就锥齿轮而言，它不过是有两个啮合在一起的带锥齿体所组成，这两个椎体的轴线相交在一点。小锥齿轮用挠性联轴节（万向节）与传动轴后端相连接，并与成为冠形齿轮的大锥齿轮相啮合，大锥齿轮与一个成为差速器的齿轮传动装置相啮合，以驱动两个后轮。