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高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)真题汇编(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative(倡议)hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract(提炼)allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?A.E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.B.Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.C.Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.D.NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.（2）WhichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordhomestretchinParagraph2?A.startingperiodB.collectioneffortC.finalstageD.hardsearch（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?A.Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.B.Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.C.Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.D.Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?A.PositiveB.NegativeC.AmbiguousD.Indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本将回收利用废弃的电子产品中的金属，用于制作2020年奥运会奖牌。（1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.在大约18个月的时间里，由于与NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多万部智能手机，故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.铜牌所需要的数量已经达到了，并且到了最后关头，也就是说，收集过程可以在3月底完成。inthehomestretch固定短语，“最后关头”，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.所以尽管东京奥运会的提议只是杯水车薪，这是一个很好的开始，展示了如果公众对这个问题有了更多的认识，他们能做些什么。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据全文的描述，可知作者对于东京奥运倡议是持积极的态度，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。Whenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully(峡谷)inAntarctica.ItwasfilmedfortheBBCwildlifeseriesDynasties.Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope(斜坡)sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm.Viewerswatchingthisfilmletoutasighofrelief.I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.However,othersthinkhumaninterference(干涉)isunnatural.Youcan'thavesunshinethroughoutyourlife.Tohavedoneanythingelsewouldonlymakemattersworse,saidtheshow'screatorDavidAttenborough,accordingtoTheTimes.Inthiscase,however,MikeGunton,theexecutiveproduceroftheseries,saidthatthiswasaone-offsituation.Therewerenoanimalsgoingtosufferbyinterfering.Youweren'ttouchingtheanimalsanditwasjustfeltbydoingthis...theyhadthechancenottohavetokeepslippingdowntheslope,hetoldtheBBC.SuchcasesarefamiliartoPaulNicklen,wildlifephotographerforNationalGeographic.HetoldMetro,Ifit'severapredator(捕食者)situation,nomatterhowgut-wrenching,youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear.There'snorulebookinthosesituations.Youcanonlyrespondtothefactsthatarerightthereinfrontofyou,WillLawson,theshow'sdirector,toldDailyMail.（1）Whathasledtoaheatedmediadiscussion?A.People'svariousremarksonpenguins.B.Therescueofpenguinsfromagully.C.Somepenguins'sufferingsinagully.D.WaysoffilmingtheseriesDynasties.（2）Whoholdsapositiveattitudetowardshumaninterference?A.KathrynShaw.B.WillLawson.C.PaulNieklen.D.DavidAttenborough.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthewordgut-wrenchingunderlinedinparagraph6?A.Puttingoneinplace.B.