商务文体翻译措辞严密,专业术语,逻辑性强,长句难句合同(contract)信用证(L/C)汇票(draft)提单(B/L)产地证(certificateoforigin)商检证(inspectioncertificate)商业发票(commercialinvoice)装运通知(shippingadvice)保险单(policyofinsurance)报关单(customsdeclaration)语气委婉,语言简洁,语法简明,语体非正式询盘(enquiryletter)报盘(offer)还盘(counteroffer)订货单(indent)市场报告(marketreport)销售报告(salesreport)备忘录(memorandum)会议记录(minutes)诱导功能,措辞严谨,修辞多变,以劝说为目的推销信(salesletter)产品广告(productads)商标(trademark)产品说明(instruction)索赔函(claimletter)催款函(collectionletter)主要的价格术语国际商会出版的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》(INCOTERMS2000)规定的贸易术语分类Tradeterms第一组:E组术语启运,卖方在其所在地把货物交给买方ExWorks工厂交货价第二组:F组术语主要运费未付,卖方须将货物交至买方指定的承运人FCA:FreeCarrier货交承运人卖方须将货物交给买方指定承运人,从交货地至目的地的运费由买方负担指定装运港FAS:FreeAlongsideShip船边交货FOB:FreeOnBoard离岸价(船上交货)第三组:C组术语主要运费已付,卖方必须签订运输合同,但对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后发生事件所产生的额外费用不承担责任指定目的港CFR:Cost&Freight成本加运费CIF:Cost,InsuranceandFreight成本,保险加运费指定目的地CPT:CarriagePaidTo运费付至CIP:CarriageandInsurancePaidTo运费保险费付至第四组:D组运抵,卖方必须承担把货物交至目的地国家所需的全部费用和风险指定地点DAF:DeliveredatFrontier边境交货指定目的港DES:DeliveredexShip船上交货指定目的地DEQ:DeliveredexQuay码头交货DDU:DeliveredDutyUnpaid未完税交货DDP:DeliveredDutyPaid完税后交货词语特点古体词thereinafter其后,从那以后therein在那里;在那点上,在那方面hereinafter以下,在下文thereof在其中hereby特此;因此;兹hereto至此;对此herein此中,与此hereunder在此之下hereof关于此点,在本文件中TheAttachmentstothisContractshallbedeemedaparthereofandshallbeeffectiveasanyotherprovisionhereof.本合同的附件应被视为本合同的一部分,与其他条款有同样效力。Intheeventthatthereshallbenewlyincreaseditemsofwork,thePartiesheretoshallenterintoanagreementfortheunitpriceofsuchitems.如果需新增加工程,双方应另行协定该项新增工程的单价。AcertificateoftheBorrowershall,substantially,complywiththeformsetforthinAppendix4,andtheattachmentspecifiedtherein.借款人证明书,其格式基本上应遵循附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。TheContractorshallbedeemedtohaveinspectedandexaminedthesiteanditssurroundingsandinformationavailableinconnectiontherewithandtohavesatisfiedhimself.承包人应被视为对现场和周围环境以及提供的相关资料进行了考察和研究,并感到满意。US$25perdozenCIFNewYork,includesyourcommission3%.Thecommissionshouldbepayableonlyafterthesellerhasreceivedthefullamountofallpaymentduetotheseller.纽约成本,保险,运费价为每打25美元,其中包括你的佣金3%。在卖方收到所有的应付款项后,即付佣金。货物的价格以美元FOB净价计算,其中不包括买方的佣金。若双方另有规定或同意则另作别论。PriceshouldbebasedonFOB,netinU.S.dollarwithoutthebuyer’scommissionunlessotherwisestipulatedoragreeduponbetweenthetwoparties.WehavereceivedyourletterofJune9,enquiringaboutthebesttermsofthegoods.Yourearlyreplytoourspecificinquirywillbehighlyappreciated.Pursuanttoyourrequest,weareairmailingyoutwocopiesofourlatestprice-listcoveringvariousminerals.Allexpensesandrisksthereinaftershallbebornbyyourside.Paymentbydraftpayable90daysaftersight,documentsagainstacceptance.贵方六月九日关于该货物优惠条款询盘的来函已收悉。如蒙贵方早日答复我方的具体询价,不胜感激。按贵方要求,兹航邮我方多种矿石的最新价格表两份。此后发生的一切开支费用及风险损失均由贵方承担。凭见票后90天付款的汇票付款,承兑交单。英语合同的用词特点•专业化(professional)、正式(formal)、准确(accurate)1、May,shall,must,maynot(或shallnot)的使用may旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么)Shall约定当事人的义务(应当做什么时候)must用于强制性义务(必须做什么)maynot(或shallnot)用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)Maydo不能说成candoshalldo,不能说成shoulddo或oughttodo,maynotdo在美国一些法律文件可以用shallnot,但绝不能用cannotdo或mustnot2、正式用语(formalterm)“因为”的短语多用“byvirtueof,远远多于“dueto”一般不用“becauseof”;“财务年度末”一般用“atthecloseofthefiscalyear”,而不用“intheendofthefiscalyear”;“在……之前”一般用“priorto”,而不用“before”;“关于”常用“asregards”,“concerning”或“relatingto”,而不用“about”;“事实上”用“ineffect”,而不用“infact”;“开始”用“commencement”,而不用“start”或“begin”;“停止做”用“ceasetodo”,而不用“stoptodo”;“何时开会并由某某主持”的表述为:Themeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedbysb.其中“召开”不用“hold或call”,而用“convene”;“主持”不用“chair”或“beinchargeof”,而用“preside”;“其他事项”用“miscellaneous”,而不用“othermatters/events”;“理解合同”用“construeacontract”或“comprehendacontract”,而不用“understandacontract”;“认为”用“deem”,用“consider”少,不用“think”或“believe”;“愿意做”用“intendtodo”或“desiretodo”3.用词专业(TechnicalTerms)“赔偿”用“indemnities”,而不用“compensation”“不动产转让”用“conveyance”,而不用“transferofrealestate”“房屋出租”用“tenancy”,而“财产出租”用“leaseofproperty”“停业”用“windupabusiness”或“cease(名词是cessation)abusiness”,而不用“end/stopabusiness”专利许可中的“特许权使用费”只用“royalties”还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文“grace”,“当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition”以实物出资为“investmentinkind”“依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuanttoprovisionscontainedherein”或“asprovidedherein”“合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neitherpartyheretomayassignthiscontract”,其中“hereto”表示“tothecontract”词语叠用叠用确保了合同所用词语意思不会被曲解常见叠用词ableandwilling能够与愿意alteration,modificationorsubstitution变更、修改或替代benullandvoidandofnoeffect作废并无效insufficiencyorinadequacy不足lossordamage灭失或损坏negligence,fault,orfailureinthedutiesandobligations未履行责任和义务stipulationsandprovisions条款termsorconditions条款use,misusesorabuse使用、误用或滥用voidandvoidable无效的和可以撤销的justanddue合理与正当的soleandabsolute完全的Itistheintentofthepartiesthatalldocumentsandannexesformingparthereofshallbereadandtakentogetherandthateachandeveryprovisionorstipulationhereofbegivenfullforce,effectandapplicability.However,intheeventthatoneormoreprovisionsorstipulationshereinbedeclarednullandvoidbythecourts,orotherwiserenderedineffective.Allpermits,taxesandotherfeesarisingfromtheprosecutionandexecutionoftheprojectshallbesolelyshoulderedbytheContractor.项目施工过程中所产生的许可证费、税费及其他费用全部由承包方负担。项目执行、施工过程中所产生的许可证费、税费及其他费用均由承包方承担。Anysupplement,modificationoralternationagreedbybothpartiesshallbetakenasanintegralpartoftheContract,andhastheequallegalforceastheContrac