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AntConc(Windows,MacintoshOSX,andLinux)Build3.4.1LaurenceAnthony,Ph.D.CenterforEnglishLanguageEducationinScienceandEngineering,SchoolofScienceandEngineering,WasedaUniversity,3-4-1Okubo,Shinjuku-ku,Tokyo169-8555,JapanJanuary31,2014IntroductionAntConcisafreeware,multiplatformtoolforcarryingoutcorpuslinguisticsresearchanddata-drivenlearning.ItrunsonanycomputerrunningMicrosoftWindows(testedonWin98/Me/2000/NT,XP,Vista,Win7),MacintoshOSX(testedon10.4.x,10.5.x,10.6.x),andLinux(testedonUbuntu10,LinuxMint).ItisdevelopedinPerlusingActiveState'sPerlAppcompilertogenerateexecutablesforthedifferentoperatingsystems.GettingStarted(Noinstallationnecessary)WindowsOnWindowssystems,simplydoubleclicktheAntConciconandthiswilllaunchtheprogram.MacintoshOSXOnMacintoshsystems,simplydoubleclicAktheAntConciconandthiswilllaunchtheprogram.LinuxOnLinuxsystems,changethepermissionstoallowAntConctoberunasanexecutablefile.Next,doubleclicktheAntConcexecutableanditwilllaunch.Caution:DonotplaceusersettingsfilesfromolderversionsofAntConcinthesamefolderasnewversions.ThiscancauseunexpectedproblemsandmayevenpreventAntConcfromstarting.ItisrecommendedthatyoudeleteyourearliersettingsfileandexportitagainfromtheAntConcfilemenu.OverviewofToolsAntConccontainsseventoolsthatcanbeaccessedeitherbyclickingontheir'tabs'inthetoolwindow,orusingthefunctionkeysF1toF7.ConcordanceTool:Thistoolshowssearchresultsina'KWIC'(KeyWordInContext)format.Thisallowsyoutoseehowwordsandphrasesarecommonlyusedinacorpusoftexts.ConcordancePlotToolThistoolshowssearchresultsplottedasa'barcode'format.Thisallowsyoutoseethepositionwheresearchresultsappearintargettexts.FileViewToolThistoolshowsthetextofindividualfiles.ThisallowsyoutoinvestigateinmoredetailtheresultsgeneratedinothertoolsofAntConc.Clusters/N-GramsTheClustersToolshowsclustersbasedonthesearchcondition.IneffectitsummarizestheresultsgeneratedintheConcordanceToolorConcordancePlotTool.TheN-GramsTool,ontheotherhand,scanstheentirecorpusfor'N'(e.g.1word,2words,…)lengthclusters.Thisallowsyoutofindcommonexpressionsinacorpus.Collocates:Thistoolshowsthecollocatesofasearchterm.Thisallowsyoutoinvestigatenon-sequentialpatternsinlanguage.WordList:Thistoolcountsallthewordsinthecorpusandpresentstheminanorderedlist.Thisallowsyoutoquicklyfindwhichwordsarethemostfrequentinacorpus.KeywordList:Thistoolshowsthewhichwordsareunusuallyfrequent(orinfrequent)inthecorpusincomparisonwiththewordsinareferencecorpus.Thisallowsyoutoidentifycharacteristicwordsinthecorpus,forexample,aspartofagenreorESPstudy.ConcordanceToolThistoolshowssearchresultsina'KWIC'(KeyWordInContext)format.Thisallowsyoutoseehowwordsandphrasesarecommonlyusedinacorpusoftexts.Thefollowingstepsproduceasetofconcordancelinesfromacorpusanddemonstratethemainfeaturesofthistool.1)Selectoneormorefilesforprocessingfromusingthe'OpenFile(s)...'or'OpenDir...'optionsinthe'File'menu.Thelistofselectedfilesisshownintheleftframeofthemainwindow.2)Enterasearchtermonwhichtobuildconcordancelinesinthesearchbox.3)Choosethenumberoftextcharacterstobeoutputtedoneithersideofthesearchterm,usingtheincreaseanddecreasebuttonsontherightofthebuttonbarundertheSearchWindowSizetitle.(defaultvalueis50characters)4)Clickonthe'Start'buttontostarttheconcordancelinesresultsgeneration.Theconcordancegenerationcanbehaltedatanytimebyclickingonthe'Stop'button.5)UsetheKwicSortoptionstorearrangetheconcordancelinesatthreedifferentlevels.0isthesearchword,1L,2L...arewordstotheleftofthetargetword,1R,2R...arewordstotherightofthetargetword.6)Clickonthe'Sort'buttontostartthesortingprocess.7)Movethecursoroverthehighlightedsearchterminoneoftheconcordancelines.Thecursorwillchangetoasmallhandicon.Clickingonthehighlightedsearchterm,willallowyoutoviewthesearchtermhitasitappearsintheoriginalfileviatheFileViewTool(seebelow).8)Clickonthe“CloneResults”buttontocreateacopyoftheresultssothatdifferentsetsofresultscanbecompared.Thetotalnumberofconcordancelinesgenerated(ConcordanceHits)isshownatthetopofthetoolwindow.ThisnumberwillflashwiththewordFINISHEDwhenprocessinghasbeencompleted,andwillflashwiththewordNOHITS,ifnothitsaregeneratedforaparticularsearchterm.Searchtermscanbespecifiedasbeingwords(default)orcharacterstringsbyactivatingordeactivatingtheWordsearchtermoption.Also,searchescanbeeither“caseinsensitive”(default)or“casesensitive”byactivatingordeactivatingtheCasesearchtermoption.SearchescanalsobemadeusingfullregularexpressionsbyactivatingtheRegexoption.Fordetailsonhowtouseregularexpressions,consultoneofthemanytextsonthesubject,e.g.,MasteringRegularExpressions(O'Reilly&AssociatesPress)ortyperegularexpressionsinawebsearchenginetofindmanysitesonthesubject(e.g.,).AntConcsupportsPerlregularexpressions.ByclickingontheAdvancedSearchbutton,morecomplexsearchesbecomepossible.Thefirstadvancedsearchoptionallowsyoutoimportasetofsearchterms,eitherbytypingthemoneperline,orbyloadinginalistofsearchtermsfromafile.Here,eachlinewillbetreatedasaseparatesearchterm.Thisfeatureallowsyoutousealargesetofsearchtermswithouthavingtore-