美国英语和英国英语的主要差异

234()200212Vol.23,No.4JournalofJishouUniversity(SocialSciencesEdition)Dec.2002X(,416000):,,,,,,:,,,,:;;:H310.1:A:1007-4074(2002)04-0104-04:(1969-),,,,,,(Br.E)(A.E),,,,,;,,?,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,X:2002-09-18(),:1.-our,-or,:favour-favorhumour-humorlabour-labor2.-tre,-ter,:metre-metercentre-centertheatre-theater3.,,:programme-programtravelled-traveledwaggon-wagonlevelling-leveling4.-logue,-log,:catelogue-catalogdialogue-dialog5.-ce-se,:defence-defenseoffence-offenselicence-license6.-ette,-te:cigarette-cigaretquartette-quartet7.-in,-en,:inquire-enquireindorseendorse8.,,:Br.EA.Egreygrayploughplowstoreystorytyretirewhiskywhiskeychequecheck,,(),,1./r/,r,Br.EA.E/r/,,A.E,r,,/r/farm,farA.E/farm//far/Br.E,,,farmfar/fa:m//fa:/2.,Br.E/a/,A.E/·/:Br.EA.Eglance/gla:ns//gl·ns/pass/pa:s//p·s/A.E,o/a/;Br.E,//,:Br.EA.Etop/tp//tap/rob/rb//rab/3.wh-,,A.Ewh-/hw/,Br.E/w/,:Br.EA.Ewhich/wit//hwit/why/wai//hwai/4.A.E,Br.E,:A.EBr.E‘laboratoryla‘boratory‘factory/faktrÄ/factory/‘f·ktri/(),17,,,,,:1.(samewords,differentmeaning):(1),,billion,A.E,Br.E,,guy,Br.E(2)Br.EA.E,A.EBr.Eship,,501,,(3),(A.EBr.E)guessloanA.E,,,Br.Esmart,,Br.Edumb;dumb,dumbstupid()2.(sameidea,differentwords):,Br.EA.EBr.EA.Eliftelevatorpavementsidewalksweetscandybiscuitcrackerautumnfallthegroundfloorthefirstfloor3.(wordswithoutcounterparts,somespecialcases):,,,:newscast=news+(broad)castcablegram=cable+(tele)gram:testmatch,drive-in(A.E);,duke(),angel()()(fewandtrival),,:1.,:getgot(Br.E)got,gotten(A.E):a.IwishIcouldhavegotheresooner.(Br.E)b.IwishIcouldhavegottenheresooner.(A.E,)2.have,,havegot;A.Edo/does,Br.Ehave/hasnothave,has:Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?(A.E)Howmanydictionarieshaveyou(got)?(Br.E)Doyouhaveanychildren?(A.E)Haveyougotanychildren?(Br.E)3.Doyouhave?Br.E;A.E,usually,ever:Doyouhavemuchtimeforfootball?(,Br.E)Doyouusually/everhavefreshrod?(usually,ever,A.E)Haveyou(got)timeforagameoffootballthisevening?(,A.E)4.,,,:Isthefamilyathome?(A.E,family)Thefamilyarestrickenwithgriefattheirfathersdeath.(Br.E,family)Janesfamilyhasntevermetherfriend,Bob.(A.E,family)5.,,afterbefore:BeforeIrealizedwhathadhappened,thecarhadgone.(Br.E)BeforeIrealizedwhathadhappened,thecarwasgone.(A.E)6.,haveabath,takeabath,havebreakfast,eatbreakfast:(1)A.E,homeat,Br.EIshehome?(A.E)Isheathome?(Br.E),Br.Eon,A.E:ThenewtermbeginsonSeptember1.(Br.E)ThenewtermbeginsSeptember1.(A.E)(2),Br.EA.E,should+,should,:Iinsistthatyougo.(A.E)Iinsistthatyoushouldgo.(Br.E)(3),1November,1984Novemberthefirst,nineteeneighty-four(Br.E),November1,1984,Novemberfirst,nineteeneighty-four(A.E).,pastto,afterbefore,afewminutespastsix,afewminutesaftersix;,afewminutestosix,afewminutesbeforesix,(minute),(hour)601,(hour),(minute),(Br.E)aquarterpastthree;(A.E)threefifteen.(4),oneBr.Eoneone,one,,oneonesoneselfA.EhehishimselfBr.Eone,ones,oneself:Oneshouldlearntotakecareofoneself.(Br.E)Oneshouldlearntotakecareofhimself(yourself/themselves).(A.E),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1].[M].:,1983.[2].[M].:,1986.[3].[M].:,1987.[4].[M].:,1995.[5],.,.[M].:,1982.TheMainDifferencesBetweenBritishEnglishAndAmericanEnglishLIXiang2qun(ForeignLanguagesDepartmentofJishouUniversity,Jishou,Hunan416000)Abstract:Englishisoneofwidelyusedlanguagesintheworld.But,undertheinfluenceofgeography,history,cultureandsocialcustoms,Englishhasdividedintotwomajorvarieties:BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish,eachhavingitsowncharacters.ThispaperdealswiththemaindifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishinregardtospelling,pronunciation,vocabularyandgrammar.Themorenoticeabledifferencesarephoneticandespecial2lylexical.GrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBr.EandA.Earefewandtrivial.Generallyspeaking,AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishinspellingareessentiallythesame,exceptthat,asthefollowingdivergencesshow,theAmericanvariantissimplerthanitsEnglishcounterpart.ThedifferencesofAmericanandBritishEnglishvocabularycanbegroupedintothreecategories.Buttheconceptofdifferencesmustnotbetakentoofar,becauseBr.EandA.Ewillbetwomajorvarietiesofonelanguage,nottwodifferentlanguages.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodernscience,tech2nology,massmedia,constantculturalandeconomicexchangesbewteenthesetwonations,differencesbetweenthemarebecomingsmaller.Inpractice,thetendencyistowardsbetterunderstandingbetweenthepeopleofthetwocoun2tries.Keywords:BritishEnglish;AmericanEnglish;variety701