文体学-名词解释

StylisticsAbranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthecharacteristicsofsituationally-distinctiveusesoflanguage,withparticularreferencetoliterarylanguage,//andtriestoestablishprinciplescapableofaccountingfortheparticularchoicesmadebyindividualsandsocialgroupsintheiruseoflanguage.tenorofdiscourseTheterm“tenor”referstotheinterpersonalrulesbetweenthepeopleinadiscourse.Theterm“discourse”meanstext.Tenorofdiscourseincludespersonaltenorandfunctionaltenor.Personaltenormeansthelinguisticreflectionofthepersonalrelationshipsbetweenspeaker&writerandhearer&reader.Personaltenorisconcernedwiththedegreeofformalityofthelanguageused.Forexample,thelegaldocumentisveryformal.Thelettersbetweenfamilymembersareverycloseandnotformal.+illustration.Functionaltenormeansthelinguisticreflectionofwhattheuseristryingtodowithlanguagetohisorheraddressee.Functionaltenorisconcernedwiththeintentionoftheuserinusingthelanguage.Forexample,Johnsaystodifferentpeople.+illustrationfiledofdiscourse话语范围Thelinguisticreflectionofthepurposiveroleofthelanguageuser,---thetypeofsocialactivitythelanguageuserisengagedindoinginthesituationinwhichthetexthasoccurred.Itincludetechnicalfieldofdiscourseandnon-technicalfieldofdiscourse.Forexample,forward/center/guard/cleanshotaretechnicalfieldofdiscourse.Theyareusedintalkingaboutfootballplaying.Non-technicalfieldofdiscourse.phaticcommunion,gossip,casualconversation,personalletters,etc.personaltenorPersonaltenormeansthelinguisticreflectionofthepersonalrelationshipsbetweenspeaker&writerandhearer&reader.Personaltenorisconcernedwiththedegreeofformalityofthelanguageused.Forexample,thelegaldocumentisveryformal.Thelettersbetweenfamilymembersareverycloseandnotformal.+illustration.OnomatopoeiaWordsthatimitatethesoundsassociatedwiththeobjectsoractionstheyreferto.Thesingerwasdrivenoffthestage.→Thesingerwashissedoffthestage.Shebegantolaugh.→Shebegantogiggle.Oxymoronacombinationoftwoexpressionswhicharesemanticallyincompatible.(不相容的，矛盾的)Givingbirthtoababyisbothajoyfulpainandapainfuljoy.Antithesistheplacingofcontrastingideassidebysideforemphasisorrhythm.Pennywise;poundfoolish.Wherethereismarriagewithoutlove,therewillbelovewithoutmarriage.transferredepithet（移就）Arhetoricaldeviceinwhichamodifier,usuallyanadjective,isappliedtothewrongwordinthesentence.E.g.(a)Hehadasleeplessnight.(b)Shespentananxiousday.Neologism新词语Newly-createdwords(everyfield)ComputerandInternet:cyberlove;cyberszine;artificialintelligence;blog;bluetooth;PSPortmanteauBlendingHead+head:comsat;hi-fisci-fi;sitcom;hi-tech(high-tech)Head+tail:motel;Bollywood;brunch;Chinglish;smog;autocideHead+word:medicare;motown;EurasiaWord+tail:netizen;netiquette;boatel;lunarnaut