名词

一对一授课教案学员姓名：__陈昊怡__年级：_初一__所授科目：______英语_______上课时间：_2012___年_8_月_26_日__3__时_30__分至__5__时_30__分共_2__小时老师签名学生签名教学主题名词上次作业检查本次上课表现本次作业名词概述1.名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念的词。2.名词的分类：A.专有名词(propernoun):表示人或机构场所等特有的名词。Laura,Europe普通名词(commonnoun):表示人或事物的名词。desk,army,love.B.可数名词(countablenoun)不可数名词(uncountablenoun)名词的数1)规则变化①一般在名词后加s.如boy→boys,pen→pensbag---bagsbed---beds但是chicken当小鸡讲时，是可数名词，Therearealotofchickensinthehouse.当鸡肉讲时，是不可数，Ilikeeatingchicken.②以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，加es.如bus-busesbox-boxesbrush-brushes,watch-watchesmatch但stomach的复数为stomachs.注意mouthmonthpath③以辅音字母+y结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es.如baby→babiescity—citiescountry---countries注意以“元音+y”，直接加s。如：day--days，boy--boys④以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe改为v,再加es.如knife-knives,half-halves(wife,knife，wolf，thief，shelf，self，life,half,leaf)口诀：妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。例外以f结尾，加S的情况：gulf（海湾）,roof（屋顶）,chief（首领）,serf（奴仆）,belief（信仰）,proof（证据）,但handkerchief（手帕）---handkerchiefs或handkerchieves。口诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上⑤以o结尾的名词加-esNegro（黑人）—Negroes，hero（英雄）-heroes,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes加-skilo→kilos,photo→photos,,radio→radios,piano→pianos,video→videos.bamboo—bambooszoo---zoos但zero---zeros或zeroes2)不规则变化①man→men,woman→women,policeman→policemen,foot→feet,tooth→teethchild-children，mouse→mice,Englishman→Englishmen，Frenchwoman---Frenchwomen注意German（德国人）---Germans，American---Americans，Australian(澳大利亚人)---Australians②单复数同形如：Japanese→Japanese,Chinese→Chinesesheep→sheep,deer→deerfish—fish注意fish作鱼肉讲时不可数。Ilikeeatingfish.fish指鱼时是可数。Hegivesmetwofish.③有些名词形式上是单数，实为复数意义，通常被称为复数名词，如：people,police(不说apeople，可说aperson)两个人twopersons或twopeoplepolice(警察)tenpolice(不说apolice，可说apoliceman)④合成名词变复数appletree→appletrees,busdriver---busdrivers,girlfriend---girlfriendspasser-by(过路人)→passers-bygrown-up→grown-ups(成年人)注意：被man或woman修饰的名词变复数时，两个名词都要变。mandoctor→mendoctorswomanteacher→womenteachersmandriver---mendriverswomannurse---womennurses⑤有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes,trousers,glasses,scissors(剪刀),chopsticks⑥数词+名词作定语时，常采用数词+单数名词形式，如atwo-weekholiday,an8-yearoldgirl.另一种常见的形式有fiveminutes'walk,twodays'leave3）不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可用以下两种方法。①可用表单位的词修饰不可数名词apieceofpapertwopiecesofpaperapieceofbreadabottleofwateracupofcoffeeaglassofmilkapieceofnews②用alittle,little,much,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修饰不可数名词。Thereisalittlemilkinthecup.（alittle一些，一点儿,表肯定）Thereislittlemilkinthecup.（little几乎没有，表否定）拓展可数名词表复数时，可用以下词语修饰：afew,few,many,alotof,lotsof,some,any等修饰可数名词。Thereareafewstudentsintheroom.（afew一些，表肯定）Therearefewstudentsintheroom.（few几乎没有，表否定）名词的格1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加'sTom’sknife①以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加'如：theteachers'readingroom;②不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加's.children'spenswomen’sbooks③如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加'sJaneandHelen'sroom(共有的房间)④如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加'sBill'sandTom'srooms（不共有）2）表示无生命的东西，一般用of+名词的结构。amapofChinathepictureofthefamilythelegsofthetableapictureofmyfather指的是爸爸本人的照片。3)有些表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以用'stenminutes’walkonemonth’svacation4)双重所有格afriendofmine=oneofmyfriend我朋友当中的一个【课堂练习】I.写出下列名词的复数形式。watch____________strawberry___________child____________thief____________photo___________diary__________box___________man______doctor_______day______________foot______________zoo_________book____________peach____________dress____________girl______student___________tooth____________baby______________deer___________German__________stomachmouthhero______womannurse__________NegroAmericankiloleafpianoknifeII.翻译下列词组。一些桃子___________我的自行车__________五袋大米____________教师节__________八只脚__________妇女节__________二十颗牙齿___________二张纸_________一副世界地图________九个德国人________Helen的朋友_______许多孩子__________双胞胎的妈妈___________Tom和Jack共有的房间III.按要求改写下列句子。1.Thereisanorangetreeinthegarden.（改为复数句）2.Sheisagoodteacher.（改为复数句）3.Ihavesomeinterestingstorybooks.（改为单数句）4.Therearesomewomenteachersoverthere.（改为单数句）5.-Whatisit?-It'sabox.（改为复数句）IV.单项选择。()1.MrSmithis_______father.Theyaretwinsisters.A.Mary'sandJohn'sB.Mary'sandJohnC.MaryandJohn's()2.Sheneeds___________________.A.aglasswaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassesofwaters()3.Therearefive______inourschool.A.womanteacherBwomanteachersC.womenteachers()4.Therearemany_______inthefridge.A.foodB.breadC.vegetables()5.I'mthirsty.IthinkI'llbuysome______.A.waterB.eggsC.cakes()6.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoe()7.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?-I'dlike____.A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken()8.Therearefive___inourfactory.A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers()9.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_____.A.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalkC.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk()10._____turnyellowinautumn.A.LeafB.LeavesC.LeaveD.Leafs()11.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytothe_____shop?A.shoeB.shoes'C.shoesD.shoe's()12._____hardworkitis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa()13.Hisfamily_____ahappyone.A.beB.areC.isD.was()14.Imettwo_____inthestreetyesterdaymorning.A.GermanB.AustralianC.AmericanD.Japanese()15.Mygrandparentslike_____verymuch,sotheygrowsomeintheir_____gardeneveryyear.A.vegetable,vegetableB.vegetable,vegetablesB.C.vegetables,vegetablesD.vegetables,vegetableV.用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.Ho