2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词-章振邦语法书页数标注

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Subjunctivemood(P122,p.129.P143动词过去完成体P181-190,395)条件句14.“IwonderedifIcouldhaveawordwithyou.”Thepasttenseinthesentencereferstoa__B___.(p128)2017A.pasteventforexacttimereferenceB.presenteventfortentativenessC.presenteventforuncertaintyD.pasteventforpolitenessV.inspecificcontexts,thesimplepastcanalsodenotethepresentorthefuturetime.Therearetwouses.Oneisknownastheattitudinalpast(属于“表态性过去时”(attitudinalpast),即表示说话人当前的试探性态度,而非过去时间,多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词),thatis,thepasttenseisassociatedwiththepresenttimeinindependentclausesexpressingaquestion,requestorsuggestion.Itseffectistomakethequestion/request/suggestionlessdirect,implyingapolite,somewhattentativeattitude试探性态度,婉转语气onthepartofthespeaker.A:Didyouwantme?B.Yes,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.Want,wonder,think,hopeTheotheriswhatwecallthehypotheticalpast.Thesimplepastrefersnottoafactbuttoanon-fact,andistypicallyfoundinthat-clausesfollowingsuchconstructionsasIt’stime….IwishI’dratherSupposeAsif15.“IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’twaittoproposetoher.”Thesubjunctivemoodinthesentenceisusedto____D______.183A.alleviatehostilityB.expressunfavorablefeelingsC.indicateuncertaintyD.makeasuggestionWere-subjunctivehasonlyonformwere,whichappliestosubjectsofallpersons,ishypotheticalorunrealinmeaningIf,ifonly,asif,asthough,though,Wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine,Asitwere(sotospeak)宛如,好比54.Ifonlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.P1862007A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving正确答案为A).Ifonly引导的虚拟语气,解释为”要是…该多好啊!”.与现在的事实相反的则ifonly后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完成时haddone.这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受),与过去事实相反用过去完成时.句意:如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法,他现在可能还活着呢.51.IfonlyI______playtheguitaraswellasyou!2006P186P192AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight52.正确答案为B).could表示能够,是一种一般能力.表示具体能力用beableto.p.192Ifonly引导的虚拟语气,表示”要是….该多好啊!”.句意:要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊!3.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he____abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2005年51题)2015A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were15.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he_______abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(395/381)2005A.willbeB.wasC.wouldbeD.were[译文]如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明,他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。[考点]虚拟语气。本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained,但这是复合时态形式,主句说明其内容与现在/将来的情况相反,所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。B,C不用于虚拟语气;D.were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。9.___ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand?(2004年44题)A.WouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised44.答案:A参考译文:如果昨天没有提前通知你,我就来了,你会觉得奇怪吗?试题分析:本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。详细解答:这是一个错综时间条件句。条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,发生的时间是不一致的,动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。10.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere___quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.(2000年49题)A.weren’tB.hasn’tbeenC.hadn’tbeenD.wouldn’tbe[解析]考点:虚拟语气。由于主句中使用了wouldhavedone,即表示与过去事实相反,那么从句中相应地使用haddone。[译文]若不是那儿人太多,我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。11.Ifyourcar___anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.(1998年43题)A.shallneedB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneed情态动词。should可以表示语气较强的假设,出现在if从句中或用于省略了if的条件句句首位置上。例如:a.Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,pleaseletusknow.b.Shouldyoubeinterested,Ihaveabookonthesubjectyoumightliketosee.should的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中,表示“万一”、“假若”。shall有类似用法,用于if、when等引导的从句中,表示将来的可能性,不过语气太强。例如:c.Ifyoushalleverchangeyouropinion,cometomeagain.should如果用在以if和incase引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发生。有时在这种句子中主语和should可以倒装,把should放在句首。[译文]如果你购买的车子在最初12个月内出现问题,请与授权经销商交涉。12.____,Iwillmarryhimallthesame.(2004年42题)票A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoorwhethersheberightorwrong,shewillhavemyunswerbingsupport.表让步里,be用于虚拟语气句,引导一个(选择性)让步状语从句,相当于whetherheberichorpoor。由于whether省略,这时be需要提前。B其实也讲得通,只是意思上不同,前者表示:不管我是富还是穷,我都要嫁给他。又如:Whetherrichorpoor,oldoryoung,allhavetodie.(《新时代英汉大典》)[译文]不管他是富还是穷,我都要嫁给他。Whetherit(he)be...or...结构,意为“不管(不论)是……还是……”,表示让步,为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。其省略式为“beit…or…;behe…or…”等,句子必须倒装。如:IcantranslateallthesebooksintoChinese,betheyinEnglish,FrenchorLatin.[例句]Therebeingnodanger,thepolicewentbacktotheiroffice.险情解除,警察回警局了。3.虚拟语气用在由“whether”引导的让步状语从句中,从句谓语用原形动词。例如:Allenginesworkonthisprinciple,whethertheybelargeorsmall.所有发动机都按这一原理工作,无论它们是大还是小。Wemustfinishtheworkbeforewegohome,whetheritbeearlyorlate.无论时间早晚,我们必须在回家前干完工作。Allmatter,whetheritbegas,liquidorsolid,ismadeupofatoms.所有物质,不论是气体,液体,或固体,都是由原子构成。在此句型中,可省去whether,而将be放在主语前。例如:Beitso,wemustcontinuetodothetest.Wemustdoourbesttofulfilthetask,beiteversohard.Example:______I'llmarryhimallthesame.a.Wereherichorpoorb.Beherichorpoorc.Whetherrichorpoord.Beingrichorpoor考点4:itis(high/about)timethat的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。注意:在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.例如:p1863.It’shightimewe____cuttingdowntherainforests.(2006年54题)A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop2.Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe________us.Ithinkit’shightimewe________strongactionsagainsthim.2005.A.betrayed…takeB.hadbetrayed…tookC.hasbetrayed…tookD.hasbetrayed…take3.“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idon’tknow.Butit’sabouttime______onsomething.”200252题A.I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding5.IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforlong,it’sabouttimeyou___abletowritelettersinEnglish.(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