2014上外翻译硕士真题

2翻译硕士英语分数100分时间一月四日下午两点到五点完形与阅读依然是去年的形式，即合在同一篇文章，完形有几个空忘记了，一共应该是20空，30分。Thefutureofcars:GloomandboomAHUNDREDYEARSagoHenryFordandhisengineersperfectedanideawhosetimehadcome:themovingassemblyline.Byputtingthecaronaconveyorbelt,theycutthetimetakentoaFordModelTfrom12hoursand30minutesin1913tojustonehourand33minutesthefollowingyear.Thatmadethecaralottobuildandopenedupamassmarketforit.By1918itslistpricewasdownto$450,orjustover5months’fortheaverageAmericanworker,againsttheequivalentofaboutayearandahalf’spaywhenthecarwaslaunchedadecadeearlier.Carsbecameapersonalbadgeofstatus,andintimecarmakingbecameabadgeofnationalvirility.Butsincethe1950stheautomobilehascometobeseenasdangerous,dirtyandnoisy.Inresponseithasbeenevermorestrictlyregulated,whichhasimposedadditionalcosts.Afterthefinancialtheentireindustryslumpedspectacularlyinmanyrichcountries.TwoofAmerica’sbigthreecarmakers,ChryslerandGeneralMotors,wentbankruptandhadtobebailedoutbytaxpayers.InEuropecarsaleslastyearwerethelowestsince1995.Thebattery-drivencarsthatweresupposedtosolvetheproblemhavesofarbeenanexpensiveflop.Themotorindustryseemstobeindirestraits.Yetthisspecialreportseesplentytobeabout.SalesinJapanremainstagnantandinEuropetheyareunlikelytogrowmuchinthenextfewyears,butinAmericatheyarealreadybeginningtobounceback,andinChinaandotheremergingmarketsthecurrentboomlookslikelytofortheforeseeablefuture.AlixPartners,aconsultancy,thattheworldwidemarketforcarsandotherlightvehicleswillexpandfromabout80munitsayearnowto107min2020(seechart1).InChina,nowtheworld’sbiggestmarketforcars,annualsalesareexpectedtorisefrom19mlastyearto31min2020ascarownershipspreadstothecountry’svastinterior.SooverthenextsevenyearsaEurope-sizedwillgrowupinChina’shinterland.OverthepastdecadetensofmillionsofChinesefamilieshavegainedpersonalmobilityonanundreamt-ofscalewhilelotsofnewjobshavebeenmaking,sellingandservicingcarsinChina.ButtheChinesegovernmentseemslessaboutthatthanaboutitsfailuretocreatestrongnationalchampionscapableoftakingontheforeigncarmakersontheirownturf.Infutureitmaytryhardertoachievethisaim,whichcoulddeterforeignfirmsfromcontinuingtoinvestinthecountry.Awisercoursewouldbetoaccept—asBritain,andmorerecentlyRussia,havealreadydone—thataslongasthebusinessisthrivingandgeneratinglotsofwell-paidwork,theofacarfactory’sownersandthebadgesonthebonnetshardlymatter.AsevermoreinChinaandotheremergingmarketshavethemoneytobuyfanciercars,makersofupmarketandhigh-performancevehicleswillbenefit.Mass-marketwillhaveahardertime:toomanyfactoriesarebeingbuilt,especiallyinbigemergingmarkets,whichwillleadtointenseandprice-cutting.Asthebiggest,mostefficientmanufacturers—suchasVolkswagenandToyota—pullahead,thoseintheseconddivisionmayseeksalvationinalliances.ConsumerheavenAsaninvestment,then,themotorindustryhastobetreatedwithcaution.Butitsengineeringandenvironmentalcredentialsareimprovingallthetime.Acenturyafterbecomingamass-marketproduct,thecarisstillalongwayfrombeingamaturetechnology.Manufacturersandtheirsuppliersareinvestinghugesumsinavarietyofimprovedpropulsionsystemsandinnewlightweightmaterialstomeetregulators’targets.Thecurrentofmodelsisalreadyvastlycleanerthanearlierones,andemissionsofcarbondioxide,nitrogenoxides,sootandotherpollutantsaresettofallmuchfurther.Thesmogthatbegantoafflicttraffic-chokedCaliforniainthe1950sandisnowobscuringtheskyinChinesecitieswillgradually.Thedaymaycomewhenenvironmentalistsstopworryingsomuchaboutcarsandturntheirattentiontootherpolluters.willbeinheaven.Improvedmanufacturingsystemswillallowthebiggercarmakerstoofferaneverwiderrangeofmodels,supplementedbyasteadystreamofnicheproductsfromnewentrants.Fiercecompetitionwillkeepdownevenascarsarepackedwithevermoretechnologythatwillmakethemmoreexpensivetoproduce.Moreofthemwilldrivethemselves,parkthemselvesandavoidcollisionsautomatically.Thatshouldcutdownonaccidentsandtrafficjams,reducethestressassociatedwithdrivingandprovidepersonalmobilityforthegrowingranksoftheelderlyanddisabled.Allthetechnologythatwillgointomakingcarscleanerwillalsomakethemfarmorefuel-efficientandmoreeconomical.Formotoristswithshort,predictabledailydrives,all-electriccarsmayproveadequateand,asbatteriesimprove,increasinglycost-effective.Otherswillbeabletopickfromarangeofpropulsionsystems,includinghybrid,naturalgasandhydrogenaswellasimprovedpetrolordieselengines,tosuittheirneeds.Manufacturersarehopingthatallthistechnologywillhelpcounteractaworryingtrendtheyarebeginningtoobserveinrichcountries:thatcarownershipisbecomingunfashionable.Incitiescar-sharingandshort-termhiringisbecomingmorepopular.Youngurbanitesaregettingtheirdrivinglicenceslater,butthenumbersofdriversattheotherendoftheagespectrumisgrowing,whichmaycompensateforthatloss.Bestofall,inemergingmarketsthereisenoughpent-updemandtokeeptheindustrygrowingformanydecadesyet.Butwhichmakers,inwhichcountries,willreapthebenefits?阅读理解分值三十分1，howdidtheassemblylinehelptheautoindustry？2，whatisthekeytrendoftheChineseautomarket?3,whatisthegoodnewsoftheworldautomarket?4,Whydoesitbecometheconsumerheaven?5.Whyisitdifficultforcarmakerstodevelopt