《统计学》-各章关键术语(中英文对照)

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第二部分各章关键术语(中英文对照)第1章统计学(statistics)随机性(randomness)描述统计学(descriptivestatistics)推断统计学(inferentialstatistics)总体(population)母体(parent)(parentpopulation)样本、子样(sample)调查对象总体(respondentspopulation)有限总体(finitepopulation)调查的理论总体(survey’sheoreticalpopulation)超总体(superpopulation)变量(variable)数据(data)原始数据(originaldata)派生数据(deriveddata)定类尺度(nominalscale)定类尺度变量(nominalscalelevelvariable)定类尺度数据(nominalscaleleveldata)定序尺度(ordinalscale)定序尺度变量(ordinalscalelevelvariable)定序尺度数据(ordinalscaleleveldata)定距尺度(intervalscale)定距尺度变量(intervalscalelevelvariable)定距尺度数据(intervalscaleleveldata)定比尺度(ratioscale)定比尺度变量(ratioscalelevelvariable)定比尺度数据(ratioscaleleveldata)分类变量(categoricalvariable)定性变量、属性变量(qualitativevariable)数值变量(numericalvariable)定量变量、数量变量(quantitativevariable)绝对数变量(absolutenumberlevelvariable)绝对数数据(absolutenumberleveldata)比率变量(ratiolevelvariable)比率数据(ratioleveldata)实验数据(experimentaldata)调查数据(surveydata)观察数据(observeddata)第2章随机性(randomness)随机现象(randomphenomenon)随机试验(randomexperiment)2事件(event)基本事件(elementaryevent)复合事件(unionofevent)必然事件(certainevent)不可能事件(impossibleevent)基本事件空间(elementaryeventspace)互不相容事件(mutuallyexclusiveevents)统计独立(statisticalindependent)统计相依(statisticaldependence)概率(probability)古典方法概率(classicalmethodprobability)相对频数方法概率(relativefrequencymethodprobability)主观方法概率(subjectivemethodprobability)几何概率(geometricprobability)条件概率(conditionalprobability)全概率公式(formulaoftotalprobability)贝叶斯公式(Bayes’formula)先验概率(priorprobability)后验概率(posteriorprobability)随机变量(randomvariable)离散型随机变量(discretetyperandomvariable)连续型随机变量(continuoustyperandomvariable)概率分布(probabilitydistribution)特征数(characteristicnumber)位置特征数(locationcharacteristicnumber)数学期望(mathematicalexpectation)散布特征数(scattercharacteristicnumber)方差(variance)标准差(standarddeviation)变异系数(variablecoefficient)贝努里分布(Bernoullidistribution)二点分布(two-pointdistribution)0-1分布(zero-onedistribution)贝努里试验(Bernoullitrials)二项分布(binomialdistribution)超几何分布(hyper-geometricdistribution)正态分布(normaldistribution)正态概率密度函数(normalprobabilitydensityfunction)正态概率密度曲线(normalprobabilitydensitycurve)正态随机变量(normalrandomvariable)卡方分布(chi-squaredistribution)F_分布(F-distribution)3t_分布(t-distribution)“学生”氏t_分布(Student’st-distribution)列联表(contingencytable)联合概率分布(jointprobabilitydistribution)边缘概率分布(marginalprobabilitydistribution)条件分布(conditionaldistribution)协方差(covariance)相关系数(correlationcoefficient)第3章统计调查(statisticalsurvey)数据收集(collectionofdata)统计单位(statisticalunit)统计个体(statisticalindividual)社会经济总体(socioeconomicpopulation)调查对象总体(respondentspopulation)有限总体(finitepopulation)标志(character)标志值(charactervalue)属性标志(attributivecharacter)品质标志(qualitativecharacter)数量标志(numericalindication)不变标志(invariantindication)变异(variation)调查条目(itemofsurvey)指标(indicator)统计指标(statisticalindicator)总量指标(totalamountindicator)绝对数(absolutenumber)统计单位总量(totalamountofstatisticalunit)标志值总量(totalamountofindicationvalue)(totalamountofcharactervalue)时期性总量指标(timeperiodtotalamountindicator)流量指标(flowindicator)时点性总量指标(timepointtotalamountindicator)存量指标(stockindicator)平均指标(averageindicator)平均数(averagenumber)相对指标(relativeindicator)相对数(relativenumber)动态相对指标(dynamicrelativeindicator)发展速度(speedofdevelopment)增长速度(speedofgrowth)增长量(growthamount)百分点(percentagepoint)计划完成相对指标(relativeindicatoroffulfillingplan)比较相对指标(comparisonrelativeindicator)结构相对指标(structuralrelativeindicator)强度相对指标(intensityrelativeindicator)基期(baseperiod)报告期(givenperiod)4分组(classification)(grouping)统计分组(statisticalclassification)(statisticalgrouping)组(class)(group)分组设计(classdivisibledesign)(groupdivisibledesign)互斥性(mutuallyexclusive)包容性(hold)分组标志(classificationcharacter)(groupingcharacter)按品质标志分组(classificationbyqualitativecharacter)(groupingbyqualitativecharacter)按数量标志分组(classificationbynumericalindication)(groupingbynumericalindication)离散型分组标志(discreteclassificationcharacter)(discretegroupingcharacter)连续型分组标志(continuousclassificationcharacter)(continuousgroupingcharacter)单项式分组设计(single-valuedclassdivisibledesign)(single-valuedgroupdivisibledesign)组距式分组设计(classintervaldivisibledesign)(groupintervaldivisibledesign)组界(classboundary)(groupboundary)频数(frequency)(frequencynumber)频率(frequency)组距(classinterval)(groupinterval)组限(classlimit)(grouplimit)下限(lowerlimit)上限(upperlimit)组中值(classmid-value)(groupmid-value)开口组(openclass)(open-endclass)(open-endgroup)开口式分组(open-endgrouping)等距式分组设计(equalclassintervaldivisibledesign)(equalgroupintervaldivisibledesign)不等距分组设计(unequalclassintervaldivisibledesign)(unequalgroupintervaldivisibledesign)调查方案(surveyplan)抽样调查(samplesurvey)有限总体概率抽样(probabilitysamplinginfinitepopulations)抽样单位(samplingunit)个体抽样(elementssampling)等距抽样(systematicsampling)整群抽样(clustersampling)放回抽样(samplingwithreplacement)不放回抽样(samplingwithoutreplacement)分层抽样(stratifiedsampling)概率样本(probabilitysample)样本统计量(samplestatistic)估计量(estimator)5估计值(estimate)无偏估计量(unbiasedestimator)有偏估计量(biasedestimator)偏差(bias)精度(degreeofprecision)估计量的方差(varianceofestimates)标准误(standarderror)准确度(degreeofaccuracy)均方误差(meansquareerror)估计(estimation)点估计(pointestimation)区间估计(intervalestimate)置信区间(confidenceinterval)置信下限(con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