英语词汇的联想与搭配探析

ELEMENTARYEFLTEACHINGJOURNAL20031(14)英语词汇的联想与搭配探析徐晓光(山东泰山学院大学英语教学部,山东泰安271000):在语言学中,联想是指词与词之间的联想,搭配是指词与词之间的横组合关系词的联想与搭配不但相互联系,而且跟句群的文从字顺的关系也非常密切本文根据中国学生学习英语的特点,从联想的纵横两种关系,搭配的两个方面,同义结构与反义结构的联想与搭配,以中心词为轴心展开联想与搭配四个方面入手,探讨了联想与搭配具有共性的几个教学问题:联想;搭配;同义结构与反义结构:H319:A:10092536(2003)010098031.0,,,,,,,,,,,,,:Thescientistsknowledgemustbeexact.Thereisnoroomforhalfrightorrightjusthalfthetime.,,,exact,Iwanttobringoutthesecretsofnatureandapplythemforthehappinessofman,knowofnobetterservicetorenderfortheshorttimeweareinthisworld.Edison,,,,,nobetterservicethantobringoutthesecretsofnatureandapplythemforthehappinessofman,,,,,,,,,,,2.0,,,:2.1结伴关系(cooccurrence,又称!共现∀)Firth,(Youshouldknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps)thing,,,,,thing:(1)Thingsattheworstwillmend.最不好的情况,(2)Aholidaybytheseaisjustthethingforyou.最合适98(3)Thethingis,canwegetthereintime?目前的问题,(4)Putyourthingsonandcomeforawalk.衣帽,(5)Idontfeelquitethingtoday.不舒服,,!∀!∀,circumstance,situation,stateofaffairs,thing!∀,persuade,bringround,:Illtrytobringhimroundtomywayofthinking.,,,,,2.2选择限制(selectionalrestrictions)Chomsky,:,,,:Shesuggestedtoholdateapartyinourbedroomforrelaxation.Ienjoyedverymuchatthepartylastnight.suggest,,,:suggeststh,suggestdoingsth,suggestthatsb(should)dosth,suggestthatsth(should)bedone,:suggesttodosth.ShesuggestedholdingateapartyinourbedroomforrelaxationShesuggestedthatwe(should)holdateapartyinourbedroomforrelaxation.enjoy,,!∀toenjoyoneself,toenjoyverymuch,:Ienjoyedmyselfverymuchatthepartylastnight,:Themanfrightenedtheidea.Hegotabouttherumorthatthepeacetalkshadbrokendown.frighten,,,Theideafrightenedthemangetabout!∀,:Therumorgotaboutthatthepeacetalkshadbrokendown:1),,,:Iamdeterminedtocontributemywholelifetothecauseofeducation,:Iamdeterminedtodevote(ordedicate)mywholelifetothecauseofeducation.devotededicate,contribute2):Thepricesoundsreasonably.:Thepricesoundsreasonable.look,smell,feel,taste,sound,3),:Thecontentsofthesafegotawaywiththethief.:Thethiefgotawaywiththecontentsofthesafe.getawaywith!∀,4),:ProfessorLioftencriticizedmycarelessnessinwritingEnglish.:ProfessorLioftencriticizedmeformycarelessnessinwritingEnglish.criticize,criticizesbforhis(orher)shortcomings,mistakes!∀,!∀3.0,,,,,!∀!∀:1)Heisnotsomuchalinguistasaphilosopher.=Heismoreofaphilosopherthanalinguist.=Heislessofalinguistthanaphilosopher.992)Itisawonderthathedidnotlosehiswayinthedark.=Forawonderhedidnotlosehiswayinthedark.=Wewonderthathedidnotlosehiswayinthedark.,,,,,,:Everythingisknownandbetterunderstoodbyitscontrary.,,,evanescent,long,Artislongandtimeisevanescent,,:1),:Thejudgeconvictedhimofforgery.Thejudgeacquittedhimofforgery.2),:Hepersuadedmeintoacceptinghisidea.Hedissuadedmefromtakingupthejob.4.0,,1.!∀!∀,hintclearvague,,,hintbroad,delicate,gentle,mild,,,,:meetadvancedworldstandardsmakegoodalosshittheheadlinesworkamiracledropahint2.!∀!∀,;,,,give:Theteachersallgavehimextrahelp.(!∀)Thebedgivescomfortably.(!∀),,quickenhasten,,:Theyquickenedtheirsteps.Theyarequickeningtheirproduction.Theimpendingstormhastenedourdeparture.,,,,,,:Thepollshowedthat52%viewedthepresidentpositivelyandonly37%negatively.52%,37%!viewpositively∀!viewnegatively∀!∀,,,,,,,,[1]WangQiang.ACourseinEnglishLanguageTeaching[M].Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2000:51,53.[2],.[J].,2001,(6).[3].[J].,2000,(9).[4],.[J].,1998,(1).[5],.[M].:,1995:203-219.100