法律英语课后习题大全

重点的课文：(1AB2A3B4A5B6B)Unit1A1.Howwascommonlawestablished?Answer:thecommonlawtraditionoriginatedinEngland.anewlegalorderwasestablishedasearlyas1066bytheNormanconquest,butthecommonlawdidnotexistin1066.Williamtheconquerordidnotabolishthelocalcustomsandthelocalcourts.Localcourtscontinuedtoapplylocalcustoms.Therewasnolawcommontothewholekingdom.ThekingdidhoweverestablishsomeroyalcourtsatWestminster.Theirjurisdictionwasatfirstverylimitedbuteventuallyexpandedtothepointwherethelocalcourtsfellintodisuse.Thedecisionsoftheroyalcourtsbecamethelawcommontothewholekingdom,thecommonlaw.1.Whatdoesthecommonlawtraditionincludeaccordingtothetext?Answer:accordingtothetext,thecommonlawtraditionincludeslawandequity.2.HowdifferentisthelegalsystemofLouisianafromtherestoftheUnitedStates?Answer:thecommonlawwasreceivedinmanycountriessuchasUnitedStates,buttheLouisianaexcepted,becausewherethecivillawwasinplacebeforetheUnitedStatesgainedjurisdiction.4．Whatdoes“civillaw”mean?Answer:Theexpression“civillaw”,inLatinjuscivilis,literallymeansthelawofthecitizensofRome.ItisthelawofthecityofRome,thelawappliedtoacitizen(inLatin,civis)ofRomeasopposedtothelawappliedtoanon-citizen.5.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenthecivillawsystemandcommonlawsystem?Answer:Firstandforemost,casesareusuallyconsideredtobetheprimarysourceoflawincommonlawcountries,butincivillawcountries,casesaresimplynotasourceoflaw---atleastintheory.Civillawjuristwillconsiderthecivilcodeasanallencompassingdocument,butincommonlawjurisdictionslegislationtendstobeconsideredasanexceptiontothecaselaw.6.Whatdifferentattitudesdothecivillawsystemandthecommonlawsystemholdtowardscaselaw?Answer:Casesareusuallyconsideredtobetheprimarysourceoflawincommonlawcountries,butincivillawcountries,casesaresimplynotasourceoflaw---atleastintheory,butcasesarebecomingmoreandmorerelevantincivillawcountries,buttheattitudesofciviliansandcommonlawyerstowardlegislationandcasesdiffergreatly.7.WhatissignificantabouttheAmericanlegaleducation?Howislawschoolteachingdifferentfromours?Answer:Americanlegaleducationisveryoriginalandinmanyrespectsunique.Legaleducationtendstobelongerthanothercommonlawcountries;lawisapostgraduatedegreeintheU.S.Theteachingstyleismagisterial----theprofessorexposesthelawtohisorherstudents,whotakenotesanddonotinterveneinclass.8.IslawdegreeanundergraduatedegreeintheU.S.?HowdopeoplegetalawdegreeintheU.S.?Answer:no,thelawdegreeisamasterdegreeintheU.S.,thestudentsmusthaveatleastabachelor'sdegreeinsomeareaofstudy,andthentostudythelawandgetthelawdegree.9.CanyoucomparethelegalmethodemployedintheAmericanlegaleducationandthelegalmethodusedinothercountries?Answer:Americanlegaleducationisaveryoriginalandinmanyrespectsunique.ThecasemethodorSocraticmethodispeculiartothiscountry.itmustbecleartoyoubynowthatthecasemethodcouldnothavebeenthoughtofinacivillawcountry.Inthosecountries(asinthecaseinEngland)lawisanundergraduatedegree.LegaleducationtendstobelongerthanintheUnitedStates.Theteachingstyleismagisterial-theprofessorexposesthelawtohisorherstudents,whotakenotesanddonotinterveneinclass.10.Whoplayanimportantroleindefiningthelawincivillawsystem,lawprofessorsorjudges?Whataboutthecommonlawsystem?Answer:lawprofessors,becauseCivillawstudentswillreadlawdoctrinemorethancases.Thedoctrineisthecumulatedwritingsoflawprofessorsonwhatthelawisorshouldbe.Incivillawthedoctrineisconsideredtobeasourceoflawandahighlyrespectedone.Youhavetorememberthattheuniversity,notthecourts,reintroducedthecivillawinContinentalEurope.Itisthereforenotsurprisingthatlawprofessorsstillhaveanimportroleindefiningthelaw.Commonlawprofessorsgenerallydonotenjoyasimilarprestigewithintheirownjurisdiction.Herethejudgesgetmostoftheprestige.Unit1B1.Howiscaselawcreated?Thedecisionsofjudges,orofotherofficialsempoweredbytheconstitutionorlawsofapoliticalentitytohearanddecidecontroversies,createcaselaw.2.Whatdoseaparticulardecisionmeantothepartiestoalawsuit?Tothelawyers,judges,andlawstudents?1)Fromthepointofviewofpartiestoalawsuitorothercontestedcontroversy,whatmattersistheimmediateoutcome,theresultthetribunalreachesintheircase.Itmeanswethertheaggrievedpartyordamagedpartywillobtainaremedy.2)Intheviewofjudges,lawyersandlawstudents,however,thedecisiontakesonbroaderperspective.Thedecisionbecomesapossiblesourceofgeneralapplicablecaselaw.3.AccordingtoProfessorLlwellyn,whatcreatesalegalsystemofprecedent?Whyandwhen?1)Thosegeneralizationscontainedin,orbuiltupon,pastdecisionscreatealegalsystemofprecedent.2)Becauseasrulesofactionariseoutofthesolutionofparticularproblems,inanyjudicialsystemrulesoflawarisesoonerorlateroutofsuchdecisionsofcases,weatherornotsuchformulationsaredesired,intendedorconsciouslyrecognized.3)Whenthosegeneralizationsaretakenasnormativeforfuturedispute,alegalsystemofprecedentcreated.4.Whatmighthappenifacourtfollowstheprecedentsmechanically?Acourtthatfollowsprecedentmechanicallyortoostrictlywillattimesperpetuatelegalrulesandconcepts5.Whatistheproblemremaininginthelegalsystemrecognizingpastdecisionsasauthoritativesourcesoflawforfuturecases?Thecontinuingprobleminalega