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山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文-1-外文文献：ThesignificanceofcontrolconstructioncostsmanagesonentireprocessFirst,ThenecessaryofcontrolconstructioncostsmanagesonentireprocessTalkaboutthemanagementandthecontrolonconstructioncosts,thatthefieldwearejustaccustomedtoisthoughtofisaprojectadvanceinfinalaccount.Indeed,rightawayatpresentsystemandreality,whatthejobofthatthemanagementandthecontrolonconstructioncostsisadvanceinfinalaccount.Bethatinadvance,thepeoplewhoworkonfinalaccountaccordingthatalreadybeascertaiedoftheworkingdrawingtocalculateprojectamounts，applyaquotamechanically,themetermechanicallyfetchingcost,ordesigningthataccordingtothedrawingsheetandconstructionorganizationafterconstructionisoveraswellasthesceneconstructionvisatakesnotesweavesthefinalaccountbeingcompleted.Thisisnecessary,usefulnodoubt.Butwemustseethatwhenpre-finalaccountspersonnelweaveworkingdrawingbudgetorthefinalaccountbeingcompleted,theconstructionplanandthedesignpaperalreadydetermined.Butconstructionbeingtotakeaccordingtopictureasprinciple,sotheninadvance,jobdonebyfinalaccountpersonnelisonlythechangesecretlyschemingagainstcostproducedbydesignalterationandpreventsupvaluationfromcalculatingboldly.Butsupposetheprojectisunreasonableoneconomy,thereisafaultindecision-making;supposedesigningaschemefeasibleorbenotoptimumonthetechnology;thefinalaccountpersonnelcandonothingforsbtheninadvance.Joboffinalaccountpersonneldoesaccountsinadvanceonlyunderjustsayingsystemcurrentlyineffect,aftertheevent,canonlyreflectalreadycompleteprojectamountsinactively,canonlyreflectdesignandbeunderconstructionpassively.Thisevidentlyissingle-faceted,insufficient,wemustcarryouttheentireproceedingsupervisorycontrolontheconstructioncostsofbuildingaproject.Concreteconditionsofunionourcountry,costofconstructionmanageshave山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文-2-problemsasfollows:1、Benotenoughtotakeinvestmentdecisionintothestageofconstructioncostsseriouslychargeindeed.Investmentdecisionistoproducetheconstructioncostsheadstream,Thisonestageblowtheexpenseattakeupthetotalinvestmentforeheadabout0.5%～3%,butthatcanhaveaneffecttoraisetheprojectbenefitofinvestment.Thattheprojectcarriesoutrationalchoiceonconstructionisthatresourcecarriesoutdirect,themostimportantoptimizationdeploymeansoneconomy,projectbenefitofinvestmentaffectsefficiencyandbeneficialresulttoentirenationaleconomy.Thedevelopedcountrychargesattachimportancetocontroloninvestmentdecisionstageconstructioncosts,andcostsnotstintingbigcapitalofmoneymakingthestudiesonthestageofcarryingoutinvestmentdecisionenergetically,makerelativelycomparativelyaccurateconstructioncosts,goalongthecontrolForalongtime,thereisthegravephenomenoninvestinginswellinginengineeringconstructionofourcountry,bringthelimitforaprojectfeelinglongerandlonger,constructioncostsishigherandhigher.Thecauseofthatisshortoftheeffectivebasisofthebuildingofearlierstageascertainingconstructioncosts,onlybasisthealreadycompletedaccordingtotheexpert,decision-makersdrawlessonstoestimatetheprojectconstructioncosts.Becausealotoffactoreffects,the“threesurpassphenomenonverycommon,therearemaincauseasfollows:(1)personalfactorbringsaboutroughestimatelessening(2)equipmentcomposesinreplymaterialprice'snotworkingoutaccordingtomarketquotations.(3)constructionunitsbringforwardthetoohighforexceedingadesigncriterion2、ThedesignstageofconstructioncostsisnotunderthecontrolofstrictThedesignstageisthefaucetinthatprojectconstructioncostscontrols.Aftertheinvestmentdecisionisbemaderationally,thatistheprocessofplanthetechnologyandorganictogethereconomly.Effectivecontrolthecostofconstructionrequiresstrictlyandall-roundintheengineedesigning.Engineeringdesignofcurrentourcountryalsoputsmovebiddingsystem,faircompetitionintopractice,costof山东建筑大学毕业设计外文文献及译文-3-constructionlooksoncontrolengineeringeffectivetodesignstageasoneofthestandardchoosingmainpartbeinghitbythebidunit,costofconstructioncarriesouttheadministrationcontrollingontheentireproceeding.Ourcountrymajorpartdesignthattheunitcarriesoutthoroughanalysislackonconstructionprojecttechnologyandeconomy,bigmultipletechnologiesmakelightofeconomyindesignbutatpresent,designthatthepersonnelisresponsibleseeminglyonlytodesignprojectmass,areconcernedwiththeconstructioncostsheightnotvery.Optimizeadesignplantosuchanextentashavingnowaytopass,thefirststepdesigns,theroughestimategetstotheeffectcontrollinggeneralcostofconstruction'sestablishment.Massanddepththatengineeringdesignpursuesetc.isalsoinsufficient,amountsprojectmistakesinamountsprojectdetailedlistscalculates,missesandnotcalculating,can'tarouseincreasingbyestimatingaprojectmomentary,themassmakingatenderworkisdifficulttoensurethat,havenowaytohaveaneffecttocontrolconstructioncostsasaresultalso.3、HasnotadopttheamountsprojectdetailedlistquotedpricewaybeingappliedoruseduniversallyontheinternationalallroundAdopttheamountsprojectdetailedlistquotedpricewaybeingputintousecommonlyontheinternational,isthatourcountryconstructioncostssystemreformsandcausetheinevitabletrendreformingtobidsystemininvitationtobidtender.Oneofimportantactcarryingoutprojectpublicbiddi