Earnest-Hemingway-5美国文学海明威课件

ErnestHemingway厄内斯特·海明威(1899-1961)LifeOakPark,Illinois(1899)Happychildhood(huntingandfishing)KansasCityStar(1917)AmbulancedriverfortheRedCrossinItalyduringWWⅠ(1918)medagliad'argento（银制勇敢勋章）,affairwithanurseinMilanhospitalReporterforCanadaTorontoStarinParis(1919)minglewiththeLostGeneration(coinedbyGertrudeStein)KeyWest,Florida(1928)ReportertocoverSpanishCivilWarinSpain(1937)FromHavana,CubatoEuropeduringWWⅡBronzeStarMedal（铜星勋章）PulitzerPrize(1953),NobelPrize(1954)Deathfromgunshotwounds(?,father,grandfather)(1961)Heshothimselfintothemouth…Suicideinstinct(SigmundFreud)西班牙斗牛士为海明威殉葬弗罗斯特称“他是我将永远怀念的朋友”“一个人关心的是什么？身体健康。好好工作。与朋友同吃同喝，在床上享受人生。可我啥都沾不上了。”MajorWorks1920s:ThreeStoriesandTenPoems(1923);InOurTime(1925);TheSunalsoRises(1926);AFarewelltoArms(1928),etc.1930s:DeathintheAfternoon(1932);GreenHillsofAfrica(1935),etc.《死在午后》《非洲的青山》1940s-1950s:ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940);AcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees(1950);TheOldManandtheSea(1952),etc.《过河入林》FeaturesofHemingway’sWorksHemingway’ssituationHemingwayisessentiallyanegativewriter.Hisworldisessentiallychaoticandmeaningless,characterizedbybrutalityandviolence,bycrimeanddeath,bysportsandsex.Hemingway’sHero:ToughGuy“Domanymenkillthemselves,Daddy?”“Notverymany,Nick.”“Domanywomen?”“Hardlyever.”……“Isdyinghard,Daddy?”“No,Ithinkit’sprettyeasy,Nick.”(IndianCamp《印第安人营地》)Hemingway’sHero:ToughGuy1.woundedbutstrong2.sensitiveandintelligent3.manofactionandfewwords4.“Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.”(TheOldManandtheSea)Hemingway’stheme:graceunderpressureHemingway’sStylesimplicityandeconomyofexpressionshort,uncomplicatedsentencescolloquialstyle“Poor,poordearCat.Andthiswasthepriceyoupaidforsleepingtogether.Thiswastheendofthetrap.Thiswaswhatpeoplegotforlovingeachother…Itwasn’tbad.Shewashardlyeversick.Shewasnotawfullyuncomfortableuntiltowardthelast.Sonowtheygotherintheend.”(AFarewelltoArms)Hemingway’sIcebergTheory“Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabout,hemayomitthingsthatheknowsandthereader,ifthewriteriswritingtrulyenough,willhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofanice-bergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.”(DeathintheAfternoon)NaturalismandSymbolismNaturalism:Nothingiseverlasting(youth,desire,order,existence…)Symbolism:insidethecafé(nourishmentforlostsouls)outsidethecafé(darknessanddespair)CharacterizationTheoldman:Soakedinwealth,drinksandsuicideinstinct,yetstaysgraceful,amirrorofH’sageTheyoungerwaiter:Soakedindesireandenjoyment,amirrorofH’syouthTheolderwaiter:considerateanddetached,amirrorofH’sreflectiononlifeAMan’sJourneyTheyoungerwaiter→theolderwaiter→theoldman挥霍青春→冷静思考→绝望忍受TheoriginalprayertoLord:OurFatherwhichartinheaven,hallowedbethyname.Thykingdomcome,Thywillbedoneinearthasitisinheaven.Giveusthisdayourdailybread.Andforgiveusoursins,asweforgivethosewhosinagainstus.Andleadusnotintotemptationbutdeliverusfromevil;forthineisthekingdom,andthepower,andtheglory,forever,A-men.我们在天上的父，愿人都尊你的名为圣。愿你的国降临，愿你的旨意行在地上，如同行在天上。我们日用的饮食，今日赐给我们。免去我们的债，如同我们免了别人的债。不让我们遭受诱惑，救我们脱离邪恶；因为国度、权柄、荣耀，全是你的，直到永远，阿们。→APrayertoVirginMary:HailMary,fullofgrace,theLordiswiththee.Blessedartthouamongwomen,andblessedisthefruitofthywomb,Jesus.HolyMary,MotherofGod,prayforussinners,nowandatthehourofourdeath.Amen.→NadaAwishforaworldwithorder,hopeandmeaningLifeasnothingnessThestruggletodealwithdespair•Existentialism:Lifehasnopurposeandtheuniverseisindifferenttohumanbeings;humansmustlooktotheirownactionstocreatemeaning,ifitispossibletocreatemeaningatall.(Hemingway’sworkswithexistentialistovertone)QuestionsAboutthecharacters:Howmanycharactersarethereinthestory?Whoisthemaincharacterintheshortstory?Inwhatwaysdothetwowaitersdiffer?Whydidtheoldmantrytokillhimself?Howdoesheembodythethemeof“graceunderpressure”?Whydoesn’tthewritergivethenamesofthecharacters?QuestionsAbouttheContents:Whatisthemeaningof“nada”?Whatisthewriter’sintentionofreplacingmanywordsintheprayerswith“nada”?Whydoesthisplacehavetobecleanandwell-lighted?Whatdocleanlinessandbrightnessrepresent?