Grammar(倒装)英语句子一般有两种语序,一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为为自然语序。二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序,而倒装语序中又有完全倒装和部分倒装。功能:1强调部分内容。2满足语法结构的需要。3为了保持句子平衡或与上下文衔接。完全倒装完全倒装(FullInversion):又称全部倒装,是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。一、Therebe句型。Therebe(stand,exist,live,lie…)+名词(主语)+状语1)Thereexistseriousproblems.2)Therestandsatowerontopofthehill.3)Therewillbeabasketballmatchthisafternoon.二、以表示地点或方位等的副词开头的句子,且主语是名词时,要完全倒装。“adv.(here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away)+vi.+主语”1)车来了。Herecomesthebus.2)铃响了。Theregoesthebell.3)该你的了。Nowcomesyourturn.4)孩子们出去了。Outwentchildren.5)接着出现了一个新的困难Thencameanewdifficulty.注意:当代词做主语时,主谓语序不变。1)Awayhewenttothestation.他到车站去了。2)Herehecomes.他来了。三、作地点的介词短语位于句首(为了句子平衡或强调表语或状语或使上下文衔接)E.g.Infrontofhousesatasmallboy.Underthetreestandsalittleboy.四、Such位于句首,意为“这样的人或事”E.g.:SuchisJack.Heisfriendlytohisfriends.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanwithgreatachievements.五、表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”1“形容词+系动词+主语”E.g.:PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite,ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.2“过去分词+系动词+主语”E.g.:Gonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheyliked.3“介词短语+be+主语”E.g.:AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.部分倒装部分倒装(PartialInversion):指将谓语的一部分如助动词、be动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句子中没有这些词,则需在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。一、用于疑问句DoyouspeakEnglish?二、“两种从句,两种句型,两种状语”(一).两种从句1.在省略if的虚拟条件句中,将were,had,should放在主语前,构成倒装。(1)WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgotherewithhim.(2)Hadyoucome(=Ifyouhadcome)earlier,youwouldhavemetMrSmithandhisdaughters.(3)Shoulditraintomorrow(=Ifitshouldrain)tomorrow,wewouldstayathome.if引导虚拟条件句的几种情况:条件从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词(haddone)wouldhavedone与将来事实相反一般过去时/wereto/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形2.as/though引导的让步状语从句,要部分倒装。(形容词,或名词、动词原形)+as(though)+引导的让步状语从句(though从句也可不用倒装;as从句一定要倒装;although不能引导倒装的从句。)且表语是单数名词要省去冠词,最高级前要去掉the。/Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.(正常语序)Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.(倒装)2)Cleveras/thoughheis,hestudieshard..3)Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.(二)、两种句型1、so(也一样),neither/nor(也不)放在句首,表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物,要部分倒装。此时谓语应与前句谓语结构一致。构成”So+助动词/情态动词/be+主”。1)Idon’tbuyproductsthatcausepollution.MostpeopleIknowdonotbuythem,either.Idon’tbuy…,andneither/nordomostpeople.2)HeworksinChongqingandsodoI.注意:当句中的两个谓语是不同种类的动词,或前面的句子有两个主语,一个是人,另一个是物时;前面的句子有两个相同的谓语动词,一是肯定形式,另一个是否定形式时;前面的句子有两个相同的谓语动词,但时态不同时,应用”soitiswithsb.”或“Itisthesamewith…”结构。E.g.:1)---Tomisastudentandstudieshard.---SoitiswithJohn.\ItisthesamewithJohn.2)MarxwasborninGermanyandGermanwashisnativelanguage.SoitwaswithEngles.3)JohnlikesChinesebutheisnotgoodatit.SoitiswithMary.Ilikeplayingfootball,butIdon’tlikeplayingbasketball.SoitiswithMike.表“的确如此”应为”so+主+助动词/情态动词/be动词”E.g.:---Heworkshard.---Sohedoes.2、so+形容词/副词+that;such+名词…that中的so,such位于句首,要部分倒装。E.g.1)Jimwassohappythathecouldn’thelpdancing.SohappywasJimthathecouldn'thelpdancing.2)Heissuchanoblepersonthatpeopleallrespecthim.Suchanoblepersonishethatpeopleallrespecthim.3)Soheavilywasitraining!(三)、两种状语1、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,从句不倒装,后面的主句要部分倒装。E.g.:Wecansavetheearthonlybychangingthewaywelive.Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.OnlyinthiswaycanyouleanEnglishwell.OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.OnlythendidIrealizeIhadlostmykey.注意:如果only修饰主语(名词,代词),则不倒装E.g.:Onlyheknowsthething.2.频率状语提前,即副词always,often,nowandthen,manyatime等提前位于句首。1)Manyatimehashecometoseeme.2)OftenhaveItoldthemnottogoswimmingintheriver.3)AlwaysdoesshegotoseehergrandmotheronSunday.三、一个否定,一种祝福(一)一个否定:否定词或词组即no,not,never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,atnotime,notonce,nothing,nobody,nowhere,bynomeans,innoway,hardly/scarcely…when/before,nosooner…than位于句首,常使用部分倒装。1)NowherecouldIseehim.2)Seldomdoeshegotoseeafilm.3)NeverhaveIheardaboutit.4)Bynomeansissmokingallowedintheclassroom.(决不允许在教室里吸烟。)5)Atnoplaceissmokingallowed.注意:1.Hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…(“一……就”,意思相当于“assoonas”),当hardly,nosooner放句首时,主句使用部分倒装,且主句须用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时1)Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.2)Hardlyhadhegottothecinemawhenhisfatherphonedhim.2。否定副词如果只是限定句子主语而非修饰谓语或全句,则句子不必倒装;此外某些否定词,如not,no等修饰主语而不是做状语时,句子也不必倒装。1)Nosurvivorhasyetbeenfound.2)Notallthatglittersisgold.(二)一种祝福:在表示祝愿的句子中,往往要求用倒装句。常常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面,表示祝愿1)LongliveChina!中国万岁!2)Mayyousucceed.祝你成功四、三种特殊句型1.句型:notonly…butalso连接并列分句时,notonly置于句首,前一分句要部分倒装。E.g.:Notonlywasthecityseriouslypolluted,butalsothestreetswerecrowded.如果置于句首的notonly……butalso仅连接作主语的两个并列词组,则主语和谓语不倒装。Notonlymenbutalsowomenandchildrenareaffectedbythenewlaw.2.句型:neither…nor…连接并列分句时,前后分句都倒装E.g.:Neitherishefoolish,norishelazy.(并列分句)比较:NeithershenorIamsatisfiedwithhisanswer.(并列主语)3.句型:notuntil…引导从句置于句首,后面的主句部分倒装。“Notuntil+状语”放在句首,使用部分倒装。“notuntil+状语从句”放在句首,也使用部分倒装,但注意从句不倒装,主句部分倒装。E.g.:1)Wewon’tbeabletoimprovethesituationuntilweknowmore.Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.2)Notuntiltheycamedidweleaveouroffice.3)Notuntil1949didthevillagehaveitsownschool.比较:Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathewentbackhomeaftertheexperiment.这是notuntil…的强调句形式。强调句型:Itis/was+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that。总结:完全倒装的情况:一、Therebe句型。Therebe(stand,exist,live,lie…)+名词(主语)+状语二、以表示地点或方位等的副词开头的句子,且主语是名词时,要完全倒装。“adv(here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away)+v