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RevisionofNon-restrictiveAttributiveClausesUnit5Grammar1.They’vewontheirlastthreematches,whichIfindabitsurprisingactually.2.ImetMr.Huangthismorning,whoisourgeneralmanager.3.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,ofwhichNewYorkisanexample.4.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,fromwhoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,whenitwassopoorlyequipped.6.AsIexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.•1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从•句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在•它所修饰的先行词之后。•2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。•3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。Revision•关系词有关系代词和关系副词。•关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as；关系副词有when,where,why。•关系词通常有下列三个作用：•A.引导定语从句•B.代替先行词•C.在定语从句中担当一个成分•限制性定语从句(restrictive)•非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive）定语从句•TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonly•personthatIcoulddependon.老师告诉•我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。•Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,•isstrictwithhim.•他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号和主句分开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。(如果把从句部分去掉,整个句子的含义就变了。)非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切,只是对先行词做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用that引导。1.Hisdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.他的狗当时很老了,生病后就死了。(去掉从句,主句的意义仍然完整:他的狗生病死了。)2.YesterdayImetLiLei,whoseemedtobeverybusy.昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。(去掉从句,意义仍然完整:昨天我碰上李雷了。)限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句译法上译成先行词的定语：“……的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whom1.A.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.B.SheisgoingtospendthewinterholidayinMacao,whichreturnedtoChinain1999.2.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的,里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。Shanghai,whichisinEastChina,isdevelopingrapidly.在ofwhich/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。1.Iamdoingdifferenttypesofexercises,allofwhicharequitehelpfultomyhealth.2.Manypeople,someofwhomarenotoverweight,aregoingondiets.3.Thereare54studentsinmyclass,threeofwhomcomefromtheUS.ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.2.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.3.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that•一、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。•1.Ilikethebook,whichwasbought•yesterday.•我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。•2.Ilikethebookwhich/thatwasboughtyesterday.•我喜欢昨天买的那本书。•非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：•二、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导要用forwhich代替why。•1.Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.•我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。•2.IhadtoldthemthereasonwhyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.•我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。•(限制性定语从句“thereasonwhy...”是常见搭配。)•三、非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。•1.AsIexpected,hedidn'tbelieveme.•正如我所预料的，他不相信我。•2.Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.•她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。•四、非限制性定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。•1.Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000,withwhichhisfatherwasangry.•他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对•此很生气。•2.Ifinishedmyworkaheadoftime,afterwhichIsatsometimereadingthenewspaper.•我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了•会儿报纸。•五、在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom;不能用who替换，也不能省略。•1.DoyouknowTom,whomwetalkedabout?你认识汤姆吗?我们谈到过他。•2.Thisbook,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyoualltheinformationyouneed.•这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。•(非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。)•六、Which可指前面整个句子。•Thesunsendsoutlightandheat,which•makesitpossibleforlivingthingstoexistontheearth.•太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球上生存。•Hisfatherisanengineer,____makeshimveryproud.•A.forwhatB.which•C.thatD.what•1.Iwalkedinourgarden,_______•TomandJimweretyingabigsign•ontooneofthetrees.(2005辽宁卷)•A.whichB.when•C.whereD.that•2.TheBeatles,_______manyofyou•areoldenoughtoremember,came•fromLiverpool.(2006天津卷)•A.whatB.that•C.howD.as•3.ShewaseducatedatBeijing•University,____shewentontohave•heradvancedstudyabroad.•(2006陕西卷)•A.afterwhichB.fromwhich•C.fromthatD.afterthat•4.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，_______wanted•tobuyit.(2007安徽卷)•A.noneofthemB.bothofthem•C.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom•5.Itisreportedthattwoschools,_____•arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,will•opennextyear.(2007四川卷)•A.theybothB.whichboth•C.bothofthemD.bothofwhich6.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_____arebeyondourcontrol.(2008湖南卷)A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat7.TheywillflytoW