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CHAPTER11.Explainthefivepartsofaninformationsystem.Whatpartdopeopleplayinthissystem?Aninformationsystemhasfiveparts:people,procedures,software,hardwareanddata.People:Areenduserswhousecomputertomakethemselvesmoreproductive.Procedures:Specifyrulesorguidelinesforcomputeroperations.Software:Providesstep-by-stepinstructionsforcomputerhardware.Hardware:Processesthedatatocreateinformation.Data:Consistofunprocessedfactsincludingtext,numbers,imageandsounds.Peoplearethemostimportantpartofanyinformationsystem.2.Whatissystemsoftware?Whatkindsofprogramsareincludedinsystemsoftware?Systemsoftwarehelpsthecomputermanageitsowninternalresources.Itincludesthreekindsofprograms:operatingsystems,utilitiesanddevicedriversprograms.3.Defineandcomparebasicandspecializedapplicationsoftware.Describesomedifferenttypesofbasicapplicationsoftware.Describesometypesofspecializedapplications.Basicapplicationsarethekindsofprogramstobeconsideredcomputercompetent.Specializedapplicationsaremorenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.Basicapplicationshavesometypes,suchasbrowser,wordprocessor,spreadsheet,andsoon.Alsospecializedapplicationshavemanytypes,someofthebestknownaregraphics,audioandvideo,multimedia,Webauthoring,andartificialintelligenceprograms.4.Describethedifferenttypesofcomputer.Whatisthemostcommontype?Whatarethetypesofmicrocomputers?Therearefourtypesofcomputers:supercomputers,mainframecomputers,minicomputers,andmicrocomputers.Supercomputersarethemostpowerfultypeofcomputer.Mainframecomputersoccupyspeciallywired,air-conditionedrooms,theyarecapableofgreatprocessingspeedsanddatastorage.Minicomputersarerefrigeratorsizedmachines.Microcomputersaretheleastpowerful,yetthemostwidelyusedandfastest-growing,typeofcomputer.Microcomputersarethemostcommontypeofcomputers.Therearefourtypesofmicrocomputers:Desktopcomputers,Notebookcomputers,HandheldcomputersandPDA.5.Whatisconnectivity?Howarethewirelessrevolutionandconnectivityrelated?Whatisacomputernetwork?WhatistheInternet?WhatistheWeb?Connectivityisthecapabilityofyoumicrocomputertosharetheinformationwithothercomputers.Wirelessrevolutiondramaticallyaffectconnectivity.Acomputernetworkisacommunicationssystemconnectingtwoormorecomputers.Internetisthelargestnetworkintheworld.TheWebprovidesamultimediainterfacetothenumerousresourcesavailableontheInternet.CHAPTER21.DiscusstheusesoftheInternet.Whichactivitieshaveyouparticipatedin?Whichonedoyouthinkisthemostpopular?ThemostcommonusesoftheInternetarethefollowing:communicating,shopping,searching,entertainment,education,andsoon.Ihaveparticipatedinalmostallofthem.Ithinkcommunicatingisthemostpopular.2.Explainthedifferencesbetweenthetwomostcommontypesofproviders.ThetwomostcommontypesofprovidersareNationalandwireless.Nationalserviceprovidersprovideaccessthroughstandardtelephoneconnections.WirelessserviceprovidersprovideInternetconnectionsforcomputerswithwirelessmodemsandawidearrayofwirelessdevices.3.Whatarethebasicelementsofane-mailmessage?Atypicale-mailmessagehasthreebasicelements:header,messageandsignature.4.Whatissocialnetworking?Describethethreetypesifsocialnetworkingsites.Socialnetworkingisthegroupingofindividualsintospecificgroups.Therearethreebasiccategoriesofsocialnetworkingsites:reuniting,friend-of-a-friendandcommoninterestReunitingsitesaredesignedtoconnectpeoplewhohaveknownoneanotherbuthavelosttouch.Friend-of-a-friendsitesaredesignedtobringtogethertwopeoplewhodonotknowoneanotherbutshareacommonfriend.Commoninterestsitesbringtogetherindividualsthatsharecommoninterestsorhobbies.5.Describethedifferenttypesofsearchengines.Givenanexampleofthetypeofsearcheachengineisbestfor.Therearethreetypesofsearchengines:crawler-basedsearchengines,metasearchenginesandspecializedsearchenginesCrawler-basedsearchengines,suchasGoogle,createtheirlistingsautomatically.Metasearchenginesareprogramsthatautomaticallysubmityoursearchrequesttoseveralenginessimultaneously.Themetasearchenginesreceivestheresults,eliminatesduplicates,ordersthehits,andthenprovidestheeditedlisttoyou.oneofthebestknownisDogpile.Specializedsearchenginesfocusonsubject-specificWebsites.suchasEnvironment.CHAPTER31.Explainthedifferencebetweengeneral-purposeandspecial-purposeapplications.General-purposeapplicationarewidelyusedinnearlyeverydisciplineandoccupation.Theyincludewordprocessors,spreadsheets,databasemanagementsystemsandpresentationgraphics.Specializedapplicationincludesthousandsofotherprogramsthataremorenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.2.Discussthecommonfeaturesofmostsoftwareprograms.Describethenewinterfacetowhat-ifanalysis?MostapplicationsuseaGUI,usewindowstodisplayinformation,andhavemenustopresentcommands.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenafunctionandaformula?Howisaformularelatedtowhat-ifanalysis?Aformulaisaninstructiontocalculateorprocess.Functionsareprewrittenformulas.Aformularelatedtowhat-ifanalysisiscalledrecalculation.4.Whatarepresentationgraphicsprograms?Howaretheyused?Presentationgraphicsareprogramsthatcombineavarietyofvisualobjectstocreateattractive,visuallyinterestingpresentation.P