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Chapter10CorporateCultureContents第2页AspectsofcorporatecultureStatussymbolsCorporatecultureReadingComprehension•foundingstory•corporatesymbols•ritualspower&authority•subcultures•corevaluesM&ACulturalEnvironmentsofBusinessmanGeneralCultureGeneralBusinessCultureIndustryCultureCorporateCultureIndividualWhatisacorporateculture?•Corporateculturereferstoanorganization’svalues,beliefsandactions.•Organizationalcultureisanideainthefieldoforganizationalstudiesandmanagementwhichdescribesthepsychology,attitudes,experiences,beliefsandvaluesofanorganization.ValuesActionsBeliefsCoreValues核心价值观Mission使命Vision愿景CorevaluesinacorporatecultureKeytoasuccessfulcompanyBenefits：toimproveperformance;toreduceworkerturnover人员流动.Thestoryofhowthecompanybegan.Objectsoreventsthathaveanimportantmeaningforthefirm.Regularactivitiesthatareperformedbymembersofacompany.FoundingStoryCorporatesymbolsRitualsAspectsofcorporatecultureRitualsCorporatesymbolsFoundingstoryWherecanyouobservecorporateculture?第7页•howitwasfounded•whoitwasfoundedby•struggles&problemsPhysicalobjectthathasmeaningRecognitionrituals既定礼节:specialwaysofrecognizingpeople’sachievementsCompanyuniformLogoThewaymeetingconducted:•egalitarian•authoritarianJMeetingsFoundingstoryofAppleInc.1976-1980:Theearlyyears1981-1985:LisaandMacintosh1986-1993:Riseandfall1994-1997:Attemptsatreinvention1998-2005:Returntoprofitability2005-2007:TheInteltransition2007-2011:iPhone,iPodTouchandiPad2011-present:Post-SteveJobseraRitualsExercisingtogetherSingingcompanysongAspecialtreatTogivemembersafeelingofbelongingtogetheronthesameteamPurposeofRitualsRegularactivitiesthatareperformedbymembersofacompany.SymbolsCorporatecultureandmanagementphilosophyDifferentvaluesinstateenterprisesandprivateenterprises,eg,–motivationtheories–nationalcultureStatussymbolsStatussymbolsindicatepowerandauthority.–differentsizeofoffice–privatediningroomsforexecutives–speciallyreservedparkingspacesforcarsReading#1Values:thekeytoastrongcorporateculture•kindsofvalues•effectsofastrongculture•characteristicsofstrongcultures•waysofdevelopingcorporatevaluesKeytoReading#1Astrongcorporatecultureaffectsacompanyinmanyways.Forexample,byencouragingpeopletoquestionthings,youcanpromoteinnovation.Anotherwayofpromotinginnovationisnotbeingtooinfluencedbythepast.Theessentialelementofastrongcultureishavingoneortwocorevalues.Butinordertohaveastrongcorporateculture,employeesmustbecommittedtothatkeyvalue.Acorevalueisaphilosophy,anattitude,somethingthatpeoplefeelverystronglyabout.Itisoneofthemostimportantelementsoftheirjob.Reading#2MergersandAcquisitions(M&A)•ReasonsforMergers–tomakeacompanymoreprofitable–toadoptthecomplementarystrengthReading#2CompanyBenefitsDaimlerProducts,design,engineeringChryslerProducts,manufacturing,USdistributionBPFinding&extractingoilAmocoRefining,distribution,&marketingCompaqProducingPCsDigitalSalesexpertise,servicebusiness,Mfg.largecomputers•BenefitsformergersReading#2•Problemsformergers–Lackofduediligence–Differentcorporateculture-differentmanagementstyle(formal/authoritarian/hierarchy/informal/egalitarian)-differentattitudestowardsuccessfulbusiness(relationshipordeal)–ConflictsamongcompanieswithdifferentsizeWORDS&MEANINGSWORDSTUDY.Putthecorrectformofthewordintherightspace:1.compare(v.),comparison(n.),comparative(adj.)Itisinterestingtocomparecorporatecultures.Suchacomparisonrevealsmanydifferences.AcomparativestudyofHondaandGeneralMotors(GM),forexample,showsthatthetwofirmstreatstatusverydifferently.GMmanagersenjoymanystatussymbolswhilemanagersatHondadonot.IfyoucompareCaterpillar,IBM,andDeltaAirlines,youfindthateachfirmstressesdifferentvalues.Afurthercomparisonrevealsthatsomecompanieshavemuchstrongercorporateculturesthanothers.Comparativestudiesareausefulwaytodeterminequalityandperformanceinmanyareasoflife.WORDS&MEANINGS2.conflíct(v.),cónflict(n.),conflícting(adj.).Aswesawinthepreviousreading,manymergersfailbecauseofconflictingcorporatecultures.Theseconflictscanoccurinmanydifferentareasofacompany.Managementstylesmayconflict.Socanrewardpoliciesanddifferingwaysofmotivatingemployees.Problemsthatwerenotseenbeforethemergercancauseseriousconflictsafterwards.OneofthemostcommonistheconflictingattitudesofthetwoCEOs.WORDS&MEANINGS3.coóperate(v),cooperátion(n),coóperative(adj)Wehaveseeninseveralreadingshowcooperationproducesgreaterefficiencyintheworkplace.Thecreationofnewknowledge,e.g.,requiresacooperativeeffortfrompeopleatalllevels.Inaddition,departmentsneedtocooperatewitheachotherinordertobenefitfromnewinformation.Cooperativeeffortinworkteamsalsoproducesbetterproductsandprocesses.Ingroup-orientedcultures,peoplearetaughttocooperatewitheachother.Inothercultures,companieshavetrainingprogramsforworkingtogether.Inmanyways,cooperationhasbeguntoreplacecompetitionwithinorganizations.WORDS&MEANINGS4.partícipate,participátion,partícipative(adj)Thetermparticipativemanagementmeansthatpeopleatdifferentlevelsparticipateinacompany’sdecision-makingprocess.Sinceworkersareclosertotheactualproductionprocess,theirparticipationprovidesspecialinformation.Onewa