joseph-heller1

JosephHeller约瑟夫·海勒(1923-1999)12英1陆婷婷8号index•Lifeexperience•Writingcareer•LiteraryAchievements•BlackHumor•Catch-22HislifeexperienceBirthplace:Brooklyn,NewYorkFamily:aJewishfamilyEducation:UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,NewYorkUniversity,ColumbiaUniversity(1949)andattendedOxfordinEnglandforayearWorkingExperiences:at19,abombardierintheU.S.ArmyAirForce(美国陆军航空队),magazineeditoranduniversityteacher.HiswritingcareerHellerwantedtobecomeawriterfromanearlyage.Hellersoldhisfirststoriesalreadyduringhisstudenttimes.Theywerepublishedinmagazines.Intheearly1950shestartedworkingonCatch-22.AtthattimeHellerwasemployedasacopywriteratasmalladvertisingagency.Hellerwaited13yearsbeforepublishinghisnextnovel-thedarkerandsombreSomethingHappened(1974).LiteraryAchievementsNovels:Catch-22(1961)(第二十二条军规)SomethingHappened(1974)(出了毛病/出事了)GoodAsGold(1979)（像高尔德一样好）GodKnows(1984)（天晓得）PictureThis(1988)（如此美景）ClosingTime(1994)（最后时光，TheSequeltoCatch-22）PortraitOfTheArtistAsAnOldMan(2000)（老年艺术家画像）Collectionofshortstories：CatchAsCatchCan(2003)(多多益善)LiteraryAchievementsAutobiographies:NowAndThen(1998)(彼时彼刻)NoLaughingMatter(1986)(不可儿戏)Plays:WeBombedinNewHaven(1967)(我们轰炸纽黑文)Catch22(1973)(第22条军规)Clevinger'sTrial(1973)（克莱文杰受审）BlackHumorAkindofhumorinwhichdisturbingorsinistersubjectssuchasdeath,disease,orwarfare,aretreatedwithbitteramusement,usuallyinamannercalculatedtooffendandshock.ItisstronglyevidentinmodernAmericanfictionfromNathanaelWest’sACoolMillion(1934)(百万富翁)toJosephHeller’sCatch-22(1961)andKurtVonnegut’sSlaughterhouse-Five(1969)(5号屠宰场).黑色幽默是20世纪60年代美国文坛出现的一种现代主义小说流派，作家以他们的作品来嘲讽社会，但发出的却是一种阴沉的、绝望的大笑。所以西方评论家又称它为荒诞小说、黑色喜剧、绝望的喜剧。Catch-22(第22条军规)Contents:ThenovelfocusesonabombardiernamedYossarianwho,afterflying60-somebombingmissions,issickofthewarandafraidofdeath,anddesperatelywantstogohome.Thereisasetnumberofmissionsrequiredbeforedischarge,buteverytimeYossariancomesclosetocompletinghisduty,thenumberisraised,andhehastoflyagain.Theme:Catch-22isabrilliantsatiricalcritiqueofanumberofmodernsocialphenomena.Itisgenerallyreferredtoasanantiwarnovel,butHeller'scriticismsextendbeyondtheabsurdityofwartocapitalismitselfandthesocialrelationsthatarisefromit.Catch-22standsasastrongprotestagainsttheconditionsofmodernsociety.Catch-22(第22条军规)moreonthebook根据第二十二条军规：疯子可以停止飞行，只要自己提出要求就行。但同时又规定：如果本人感到作战有危险，提出停止飞行的，就证明不是疯子，还得飞行。caughttheimaginationsofmanybaby-boomers,whoidentifiedwiththenovel'santi-warsentiments.waslistedatnumber7onmodernlibrary'slistofthetop100novelsofthecentury.Catch-22isregardedasthesynonymforadilemmathatwecan'tdealwithitthankyou