Joseph-Heller

JosephHeller(May1,1923–December12,1999)wasaUSsatiricalnovelist,shortstorywriter,andplaywright.HisbestknownworkisCatch-22,anovelaboutUSservicemenduringWorldWarII.Helleriswidelyregardedasoneofthebestpost–WorldWarIIsatirists.AlthoughheisrememberedprimarilyforCatch-22,hisotherworkscenteronthelivesofvariousmembersofthemiddleclassandremainexemplarsofmodernsatire.Earlyyears:JosephHellerwasborninConeyIslandinBrooklyn,NewYorkthesonofpoorJewishparents,LenaandIsaacDonaldHeller.fromRussia.§§§§Evenasachild,helovedtowrite;asateenager,hewroteastoryabouttheRussianinvasionofFinlandandsentittoNewYorkDailyNews,whichrejectedit.Hewantedtobecomeawriter,afterrecallingthathereceivedachildren'sversionoftheIliadwhenhewasten.AftergraduatingfromAbrahamLincolnHighSchoolin1941,Hellerspentthenextyearworkingasablacksmith'sapprentice,amessengerboy,andafilingclerk.§§§In1942,atage19,hejoinedtheU.S.ArmyAirCorps.TwoyearslaterhewassenttoItalianFront,whereheflew60combatmissionsasaB-25bombardier.In1945,HewasmarriedtoShirleyHeldandtheyhadtwochildren,Erica(born1952)andTed(born1956).Afterthewar,HellerstudiedEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandNewYorkUniversity.[11]In1949,hereceivedhisM.A(MasterofArts)inEnglishfromColumbiaUniversity.[12]Followinghisgraduation,hespentayearasaFulbrightscholaratSt.Catherine'sCollegeinOxfordUniversity.Afterreturninghome,hetaughtcompositionatThePennsylvaniaStateUniversityfortwoyears.HethenbrieflyworkedforTimebeforetakingajobasacopywriteratasmalladvertisingagency,Athome,Hellerwouldwrite.Hewasfirstpublishedin1948,whenTheAtlanticranoneofhisshortstories.§§§OnSunday,December13,1981,HellerwasdiagnosedwithGuillain-Barrésyndrome.Hellereventuallymadeasubstantialrecovery.In1984,whileintheprocessofdivorcinghiswifeof35years,hemetValerieHumphries,thenursewhohadhelpedhimtorecover,andlatermarriedher.HediedofaheartattackathishomeinEastHampton,onLongIsland,inDecember1999WorksNovels《第22条军规》（Catch-22，1961)《出了毛病》又译《出事了》（SomethingHappened，1974)Shortstories《多多益善》（CatchAsCatchCan:TheCollectedStoriesandOtherWritings，2003)Plays《我们轰炸纽黑文》（WeBombedinNewHaven，1967)《第22条军规》（Catch22，1973)Screenplays《性与单身女郎》(SexandtheSingleGirl，1964)《皇家赌场》(DirtyDingusMagee，1970)——未搬上银幕Autobiographies《不可儿戏》（NoLaughingMatter，1986)《彼时此刻》（NowAndThen，1998)