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南京工业大学本科生毕业设计（论文）11.Introduction1.1LifeandliteraturecareerofJ.D.SalingerJeromeDavidSalinger(January1st,1919–January27th,2010)wasafamousAmericanauthor,whowasbestknownforhisnovelTheCatcherintheRyewrittenin1951.Hislastoriginalpublishedworkwasin1965.BroughtupinManhattan,Salingerbeganwritingshortstorieswhileinsecondaryschool,andpublishedseveralstoriesintheearly1940sbeforeservinginWorldWarII.SalingerpublishedhisfirststoriesinStorymagazinewhichwasstartedbyWhitBurnett.In1948,hepublishedthestoryAPerfectDayforBananafishinTheNewYorkermagazine,whichbecamehometomanyofhissubsequentworks.In1951SalingerreleasedhisnovelTheCatcherintheRyewhichgotanovernightsuccess.J.D.Salingerisnotaprolificwriter.Apartfromseveralshortstories,TheCatcherintheRyeishisonlyfull-lengthnovelthathasbeenpublished.HisdepictionofadolescentalienationandlossofinnocenceintheprotagonistHoldenCaulfieldisinfluential,especiallyamongadolescentreaders.ThesuccessofTheCatcherintheRyeledtopublicattentionandscrutinyatthattime.ThenSalingerbacamereclusive,publishingnewworkslessfrequently.J.D.SalingerisarepresentativeoftheLostGeneration.TheLostGenerationisatermusedtodescribeagroupofAmericanwriterswhowererebellingwhatAmericahadbecomebythe1900's.However,theLostGenerationwritersfeltthatAmericawasnotasuccessfulnationbecausethecountrywasdevoidofacosmopolitanculture.TheirsolutiontothisissuewastopackuptheirbagsandtraveltoEuropeancosmopolitanculturalcenters,suchasParisandLondon.Theyexpectedtofindliteraryfreedomandacosmopolitanwayoflifethere.Thelostgenerationwriterswereabove,orapartfromAmericansociety,notonlyingeographicterms,butalsointheirstyleofwritingandsubjectsthattheychosetowriteabout.Chapter1Introduction21.2BriefintroductionofTheCatcherintheRyeTheCatcherintheRyeisoriginallypublishedforadults.Ithasbecomepopularwithadolescentreaderssincethenforitsthemesofteenageconfusion,anxiety,alienation,language,andrebellion.TheCatcherintheRyetellsthestoryofasixteen-year-oldhighschoolboywhoisbroughtupindecadentNewYork.TheboycalledHoldenCaulfieldisexpelledfromschoolbecauseofhispoorstudy.Heisreluctanttogobackhomeforthefearthathisparentswillknowhisexclusionfromschool.SohedecidestostayinahotelofNewYorkwherehemeetsdifferentkindsofpeople,includingpimps,prostitutesandqueers.Graduallyhefindsthatactuallytheworldisaphonyone.HecreepsuponseeinghislovelylittlesisterPhoebe,butheissickenedbyhertalkingabouttheirfatherkillinghimandsneaksawayfromhome.Thenhegoestoseehisteacher,Mr.Antolini,onlytofindthathiseverrespectableteacherisahomosexual.Hemakesuphismindtogowestandspendstherestofhislifethere.WhenhegoestosaygoodbyetoPhoebe,unexpectedly,shewantstoleavetogetherwithhim.Outofhisloveforher,hegivesuphisdream,putsanendtohisthree-dayadventureinNewYorkandfinallygoeshome.SoonhefeelsillandgoestoliveinapsychiatricwardinCalifornia,whereherecountshispainfulmemory.Thisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoalmostalloftheworld'smajorlanguages.HisdepictionofadolescentalienationandlossofinnocenceintheprotagonistHoldenCaulfieldisinfluential,especiallyamongadolescentreaders.Thenovel'sprotagonistandantihero,HoldenCaulfield,hasbecomeaniconforteenagerebellion.ThenovelisincludedonTime's2005listofthe100bestEnglish-languagenovelswrittensince1923,anditisnamedbyModernLibrary.IthasbeenfrequentlychallengedintheUnitedStatesandothercountriesforitsliberaluseofprofanityandportrayalofsexualityandteenageanxiety.Italsodealswithcomplexissuesofidentity,belonging,connection,andalienation.Thenovelremainswidelyreadandcontroversial,sellingaround250,000copiesayearwithtotalnumberofmorethan65million.南京工业大学本科生毕业设计（论文）31.3ResearchpurposesTheCatcherintheRyeisthefirstandtheonlynovelproducedbyJ.D.Salinger.Sinceitspublication,thecriticshavemixedfeelingsonthisnovel.ThenovelwasincludedonTime's2005listofthe100bestEnglish-languagenovelswrittensince1923.Itprovestobeoneofthemostpopularnovelsinthepasthalfcentury.Inmyopinion,itisSalinger'soutstandingwritingtechniquesthatmakethisnovelforeverfamous.ThispaperissupposedtoanalysetheskillfuluseofnarrativestylesinTheCatcherintheRye.Tobemorespecific,itisexpectedtoemploysomenarrativetheoriestoanalysethenarrativestyles.Iwillfocusmyattentionontwoaspects,thatis,thefirstpointofviewnarrationandnarrativetenses.Asforthefirstpointofviewnarration,I'dliketostudyfromtwodifferentperspectives.Apartfromtheconventionalfunctionsuchasarousingthereaders'resonance,Iamalsointerestedintheunreliablenarrationofthefirstpointofview.AnotherdistinguishingfeatureinTheCatcherintheRyeisitsskillfuluseofnarrativetenses.Salingeremployscombinationofflashbackandsequentialnarrationandtherelativestillnessofnarration.Throughanalysiswiththehelpofseveralexamplesfromthenovel,I'dliketofindouttheeffectsthatthetwonarrativestyleshaveonthestructureandthecontentofthenovelandtheinfluencetheyhaveonthereaders.Chapter2TheoreticalBackground42.TheoreticalBackground2.1GerardGenette'snarrativetheoriesGerardGenetteisaFrenchliterarytheorist.Heiswell-knownforhisbookNarrativeDiscourse:AnEssayinMethod.TherearethreemainkindsofnarrativeissuesusedbyGenetteinhisbookNarrativeDiscourse,includingten