同位语从句

NounClause---AppositiveClause名词性从句之同位语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句名词名词性从句主语表语宾语同位语Readthefollowingsentencesandpayattentiontotheunderlinedparts.1Theirfriend,DannyLin,waswaitingattheairport.2Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.3HetoldmethathisbrotherJohnwasaworld-famousdoctor.4Thenewsthattheyhadwonthebasketballgamesoonspreadthewholeschool当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等的位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者叫做后者的同位语。作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释前面的名词的具体内容。一、定义2.同位语从句：一般放在__________后面的句子，用以_______名词所表示的具体内容。在句中作同位语。二、常引导同位语从句的名词fact,news,idea,promise,question,problem,doubt,fear,hope,order,belief,thought,truth,suggestion,advice…某些抽象名词解释或说明同位语从句Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.Thefactthatsheisillshouldbeconsidered.1.同位语：与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物三.引导同位语从句的连接词功能例词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。that,whether连接代词既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分。who,what，whose,which连接副词既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（状语）。when,where,why,how复合代词&复合副词既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分（主语、宾语、表语或定语、状语）。whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,howeverwhetherwhathowhowever1.如同位语从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）2.如同位语从句意义不完整，结构完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）•.3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用连接副词when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。•例：Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.•例：Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.Theyexpressedthehope_____theywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.Ihavenoidea______theywereabletogetitdoneinsoshortatime.Haveyouanyidea_____heisdoingnow?Theyaskedmethequestion________theworkwasworthdoing.Thequestion＿＿＿shoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.thathowwhatwhetherwho同位语从句与定语从句的区别类别性质功能引导词that的作用Wh-引导词的作用同位语从句定语从句形容词性修饰限定既替代先行词，同时也在句中做某种成分，做宾语可以省略。关系词没有疑问意义,可替换先行词.名词性只起连接作用，不做成分,不能省略。不能替换所修饰的名词,有疑问意义。补充说明Tip1:抽象名词后面的从句如果是一个完整的句子,则该从句为同位语从句。反之，多为定语从句。A:Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst.B:Thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturndown.仔细看，找区别A:ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.B:ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.定语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句仔细看，找区别A:WeweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthattheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhadwonthematchagain.B:Weweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthatourteacherhadtoldus.(同位语从句)(定语从句)A：Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.B：Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.同位语从句定语从句同位语从句与定语从句的区别类别性质功能引导词that的作用Wh-引导词的作用同位语从句定语从句形容词性修饰限定既替代先行词，同时也在句中做某种成分，做宾语可以省略。关系词没有疑问意义,可替换先行词.名词性只起连接作用，不做成分,不能省略。不能替换所修饰的名词,有疑问意义。补充说明Tip2:在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句。反之，则为定语从句。1.ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.2.ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.3.Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst.4.Thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturndown.5.WeweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthattheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhadwonthematchagain.6.Weweregreatlypleasedatthenewsthatourteacherhadtoldus.Thenewsisthathetoldme.ThenewsisthatTomwouldgoabroad.Thesuggestionisthatthequestionshouldbediscussedfirst.ThesuggestionisthathehadputforwardThenewsisthattheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamhadwonthematchagain.Thenewsisthatourteacherhadtoldus.1.Someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt____acureforAIDSwillbefound.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether2.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome____Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday．A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which3.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass________hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because典例题解4.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether5.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary____________hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.A.whoB.thatC.asD.which6.I’veheardawhisper_____DavidandHeatherareheadingformarriage.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.thatTips:1.观察名词，是否为常引导同位语从句的名词。2.抓出句子主干。3.分析从句结构,判断是否缺成分。Task1Summary（小结1）•一般的，________成分是对其前面的名词或代词进行______和_______。•我们把对前面的_____名词进行解释、_____的从句称为______从句。同位语解释说明抽象说明同位语1.可以跟同位语从句的名词通常都是________名词，例如有，________，__________,news,_______suggestion,______,_________,_____________等。2.引导同位语从句的的连词有________，它在句子中没有实际______，在句中不作________；。Task2.Summary2(小结2）抽象problemfactthoughtdoubtthat成分含义ideaquestion若同位语从句的意义不完整，需要有“是否”的含义时，应用________；如果同位语从句意义不完整，需要有“谁”，“什么时候”，“在哪里”，“为什么”等含义时，分别可以用________，________，________，________等连词引导。whetherwhowhenwherewhyTask3.Summary3(小结3）1.Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.2.Thenewsthattheytoldmeyesterdayistrue.小结：我们通过观察发现，句1中的that引导的是_____从句，对news起着_____,______作用,句2中的that引导的是________从句，对news起着______作用，在从句中做____成分。判断哪一句是同位语从句哪一句子是定语从句。同位语解释定语说明修饰宾语Task1请你们看一下下面的例句，写出它们划线部分的从句类型：①主语从句②表语从句③宾语从句1.ShewantstoknowwhatkindoffilmsIlike.(_________)2.ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.(_________)3.Whethershewillgothereisnotknown(_________)4.Itisapitythathecan'tattendtheparty.(_________)③②①①5.Theteachersuggestedthathe(should)readthenovel.(______)6.IwilltellyouwhyIwaslateforthemeeting.(______)7.Iwonderwhathashappenedtoher.(______)8.Thereasonisthathedoesn’tunderstandme.(_________)③②③③