现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter1

现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料1现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料Chapter1AGeneralSurveyOfEnglishVocabulary1.0TheDefinitionoftheterm“word”词的定义1.1TheDevelopmentofEnglishVocabulary英语词汇的发展史1.2ClassificationofEnglishWords词的分类1.0TheDefinitionoftheterm“word”Word:afundamentalunitofspeechandaminimumfreeform;withaunityofsoundandmeaning(bothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning),capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction.aminimumfreeformsoundlexicalandgrammaticalmeaningsyntacticfunctionBoundform粘着形式：Neverusedassentences.Freeform自由形式：Consistsentirelyoftwoormorelesserfreeforms.It’snotaphrase，isaword.1.1TheDevelopmentofEnglishVocabularyNative:Celtic1stperiod(449-1100):OldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonPeriod(OEorAS)Celtic→Anglo-Saxon(thesettlementfrom450AD.)/OldNorse/Latin2ndperiod(1100-1500):MiddleEnglishPeriod(ME)French(theNormanConquestin1066)Latin3rdperiod(1500-present):ModernEnglishPeriodEarlystagesofModernEnglish(1500-1700)Latin(Renaissance)Greek(Renaissance)ContemporaryEnglish(1700-present):ThreeRomanceLanguages:French,Spanish,ItalianOtherEuropeanlanguages:Portuguese,German,Dutch…Non-Europeanlanguages(exploration,colonization,trade)Therapidgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabularyanditscauses.Markedprogressofscienceandtechnology.Socio-economic，politicalandculturalchanges.Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguages.1.2ClassificationofEnglishWordsThreemaincriteria:Byorigin:1.nativewords本族词2.loanwords外来词现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料2Bylevelofusage:1.commonwords普通词2.literarywords书面词3.colloquialwords口头词4.slangwords俚语5.technicalwords术语Bynotion:1.functionwords功能词2.contentwords实义词Byorigin:1.nativewords本族词2.loanwords外来词Nativewords:wordsofAnglo-SaxonoriginorofoldEnglishFeaturesofnativewords:MostaremonosyllabicformingthegreatmajorityofthebasicwordstockLoan/borrowedwords:thoseborrowedfromotherlanguagesBasicwordstock:auxiliary,modalverbs,numerals,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,themostfrequentlyusedwords(essentialtolife)NationalcharacterStabilityWord-formingabilityAbilitytoformcollocationsBylevelofusage:1.Commonwords普通词2.Literarywords书面词3.Colloquialwords口头词4.Slangwords俚语5.Technicalwords术语*Therearenoclear-cutboundariesbetweenthevariousclassesofwords.Commonwords普通词:connectedwiththeordinarythingsoractivitiesnecessarytoeverydaylifeThecoreofthecommonwordsisthebasicwordstock.StylisticallyneutralLiterarywords书面词:chieflyusedinwriting,especiallyinbookswritteninamoreelevatedstyle,inofficialdocuments,orinformalspeeches.MostareofFrench,LatinorGreekorigin.Amongtheliteraryword,twocategoriesarenoteworthy:现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料3archaicwords(c.f.obsoletewords)poeticalwordsSlang俚语:Language,wordsorphrasesofavigorous,colorful,facetious,ortaboonature,inventedforspecificoccasions,orusesorderivedfromtheunconventionaluseofthestandardvocabularyNotgenerallyusedininformalconversationunlessthespeakersareonintimatetermsEmbracingthosedaringandnewexpressionthathavenotbeenacceptedasstandardEnglishThechiefreasonforuseofslang:securefreshnessandnoveltyTechnicalwords术语:usedinvariousfields:science,professionortrade,art,sportincreasingprecisioninnomenclatureonespecificmeaningLatinorGreekinoriginBynotion:1.functionwords功能词2.contentwords实义词Functionwords:determiners,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliariesnothavingmuchlexicalmeaningservinggrammatically:Behavinglikegrammaticalsignalsorfunctionalmarkers,ExpressingthekindsofconnectionbetweencontentwordsConstructingacceptableEnglishsentencessmallinnumberandstable:InrelativelyclosedlistsBelongingtoarelativelysmallandpermanentsetofwords)highfrequency