搜索
1猜测词义技巧之-----通过上下文进行猜测(学案)班级__________姓名_______________StepⅠ、Leadin(2011·湖南卷C篇)…ThescientistsuseddetailedgeneticanalysistoprovethattheAfricansavannaelephantandtheAfricanforestelephanthavebeendistinctspeciesforseveralmillionyears.ThedivergenceofthetwospeciestookplacearoundthetimeofthedivergenceofAsianelephantsandwoollymammoths.Thisresultamazedallthescientists.…67.Theunderlinedword“divergence”inparagraph4means“______”.A.evolutionB.exhibitionC.separationD.examinationStepⅡ、Presentation●词义猜测题常见的考查形式：1)Thephrase“…”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby_________.2)Theworld“…”intheparagraphrefersto______.3)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase”…”?5)Theworld“…”mostnearlymeans______.6)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standfor?…●考点诠释猜词是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，在数量上通常至少有道题。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文、构词等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。就方法来说，主要根据上下文线索和构词法。高考阅读文章中更侧重前者。近几年的分布题量分布：20082009201020111111●技巧点拨【例1】Inslangthetermjamconstitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.词义：_______________★Skill1：通过__________________________（定义或释义关系）进行猜测定义句的谓语动词多为：be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent等。Practice:Infact，onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today,(NMET2005浙江)词义：_______________【例2】1)Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.___________2)Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.___________3)The“Chunnel”,atunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcompleted.______2★Skill2：通过__________________________（同位关系）进行猜测(2010年四川师大附中高三模拟题)Youshouldneverputacottonswaborotherobjectintotheearcanal.Butyoucanuseaswaborclothtocleantheouterpartoftheear.Theexpertsagreewiththeoldsayingthatyoushouldneverputanythingsmallerthanyourelbowinyourear.()Whatdoesa“swab”mostlyprobablymean?A.somethingsoft,smallandusedinclinicsB.somethinghard,longandusedathomeC.somethingthin,wetandlikeanelbowD.somethingsafe,bigandlikeatoy【例3】Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’sancestorwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMcorO.perhapsalloftheMacDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheO’Donnellsaredescend-angtsofthesanmeDonnell.(NMET2010江苏)Theunderlinedword“descendants”meansaperson’s______________________.A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguespartnersD.latersponsors★Skill3：通过__________________________（同义或反义关系）进行猜测表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有：but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，despite，inspiteof，instead等，有时也用破折号或冒号等符号AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.词义：__________________________★Skill4：通过__________________________（例证）进行猜测利用释义词（句）、举例或同位语表示释义或举例词语的信息词有_____________________________________________________________________等，符号则有e.g.(举例)、i.e.（也就是）。（2007湖南C）…LikeSchmid,theeditorsofseveralself-publishedartmagazinesalsochampion(捍卫)foundphotographs.Oneofthem,calledsimplyFound,wasbornonesnowynightinChicago,whenDavyRothbardreturnedtohiscartofindunderhiswiper(雨刷)anangrynoteintendedforsomeoneelse:“Why’syourcarHEREatHERplace?”ThenotebecamethestartingpointforRothbard’saddictivepublication,whichfeaturesfoundphotographssentinbyreaders,suchasaposterdiscoveredinyourdrawer.()Theunderlinedword“them”inparagraph4refersto“_______”.A.thereadersB.theeditorsC.thefoundphotographsD.theself-publishedmagazines【例5】Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcomeonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.(NMET2004广东)Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours﹍﹍.A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomers3C.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterest★Skill5：通过__________________________（因果关系）进行猜测表示因果关系的信息词有______________________________________________________.【例6】.Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers,heusedtwobuckets.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone,whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice,butwasnowpastitsbest.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?A.Dirty.B.Dark.C.Worn-out.D.Plain-looking.★Skill6：通过__________________________（上下文提供的信息）进行猜测Practice7:【例4】whenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywell-paidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallnewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormalmentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Iwantedtoknow.(NMET2006广东)Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbakeon”mostprobablymeans﹍﹍﹍﹍A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon★Skill8：通过__________________________（上下文的指代关系）进行猜测Consolidation:1.(2006湖南，C)Thecoyoteoriginallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent.Oneofitsmostobviouscharacter(臭名昭著)pests.Hunterstrapped,shotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1