peking-opera京剧

Fourtypesofcharacters:FourbasicperformingformsinPekingOpera:WhenwasPekingOperaborn?PekingOperawasborninthe55thyear(1790)ofthereignofEmperorQianlongoftheQingDynasty.Chang(singing)nian(dialogue/speaking)zuo(dance-acting)da(martialarts/combat)ShengDanJingChouWhatarethetwomainmelodies?Anamereferstotheoperacommunitycircle:Whereareitsorigins？XiPiandErHuangAlthoughitiscalledPekingOpera,itsoriginsarenotinBeijingbutintheChineseprovincesofAnhuiandHubei.thePearGardenPekingoperaofChinaisanationaltreasure国宝withahistoryof200years.ItisbelievedthatPekingOperagradually产生cameintobeingafter1790whenthefourbigHuibanoperaTroupesenteredthecapitaltocelebratethebirthdayofEmperorQianlongandcombinedwithKunquopera,Hanjuoperaandotheroperas.PekingOperaunderwentfastdevelopmentduringthereignofEmperorQianlong乾隆皇帝andtheEmpressCixi慈禧太后undertheimperialpatron,eventuallybecomingmoreaccessibletothecommonpeople.historyBeijingandTianjinarerespectedasthekeybasecitiesinthenorthwhileShanghaiisthebaseinthesouth.Fromthe1920’stothe1940’soflastcenturywasthesecondflourishingperiodofPekingOpera.Thesymbolofthisperiodwastheemergenceoflotsofsects（流派）oftheopera.ThecharacterrolesofPekingOperaaredistinguishedonthebasisofsex,age,andpersonality.ThefourmaincharactertypesaretheSheng,Dan,Jing,andChou.charactertypesShengShengOldmanYoungmanMartialmanLaoshengXiaoshengWushengOldmanLaoshengare_______and________modelsof________and________.Allofthemalerolesuse____________.The_____indicatesthecharacter’sage.Lightonesignifiedamanin_____________.Whiteonesignifiedaman_________________.Theeldermalerolesemphasizes______________and___________.Thesecharactersgenerallysingina_______vocalrange（音域）andappearedboth________and________.seriousdignifiedintegrityfortitudefalsewhiskerscoloraprimeoflifepasthis60thbirthdayvocaltechniqueskillfulactingnaturalforcefulseriousYoungmanThesecharacterscombinedthe______and_______rangestocreatea_______and_______vocalsandexpresstheir_________and___________personalities.naturalfalsettobrightvibrantdashingsophisticated老于世故的;老练的勇敢的;有锐气的假音falsettodashingsophisticatedvibrant振动的；有活力的Martialmalerolesrelyontheir______________skills.Itdoesnotemphasize_______butratherrequiresskillfulexecutionof_____________________.acrobaticfightingMartialmansingingdifficultfightingtechniqueDanZhengDanHuaDanLaoDanWuDanWhatdoeseachroleportrayandemphasize?isalsocalled________or_________.is_______andisalsocalled________or_________.ZhengDanDaughtersofprominentfamiliesorwomenofstrongcharacterarecalledZhengDan,virtuouswomen.Thesecharactersarealsoknownas“________”womenThevirtuouswomanroleemphasizesvocalperformancecharacterizedbybeautiful,melodicarias(唱腔)andreservedandelegantactingstyle.WhatdoesZhengDanportrayandemphasize?bluerobeQingYior________.AQingYiactressportraysaladyofgoodandsympatheticcharacter.Usuallyaquiet,gentledispositionandgracefulinhermovements,sheistheChineseidealofabeautifulwoman.Hergoodbreedingisshownbythegraceful,flowingmovementsofher'watersleeves'.HuaDanTheHuaDanportraysyoungwomenwhoareplayful,boldandseductive.Theyareoftenservantsordaughtersofcommonfamilies.Itemphasizesgesturesandspokendialogue.TheHuaDan'sfacialexpressioniscontinuallychangingandhermischievouseyemovementsareparticularlyattractive.WhatdoesHuaDanportrayandemphasize?LaoDanItportrayselderwomenandemploysaslowstylizedgaitwithtoespointingoutwardtoindicateoldage.Theserolesemphasizesingingandnaturalvocalrange.Sheisoftenseencarryingastaff.Unliketheotherfemaleroles,theLaoDanwearsnomake-up.WhatdoesLaoDanportrayandemphasize?WuDanItis____________andisalsoknownas_________orthe_______________.WuDanrolesemphasizehighlevelofacrobaticfightingskillsandwearthemilitarycostumecalledKao（靠）.martialwomanDaoMaDansword-horseDanWhatdoesWuDanemphasize?Thefourmostfamoussectswere:MeiLanfangChengYanqiuShangXiaoyunXunHuisheng梅兰芳程砚秋尚小云荀慧生thefourfamousDansMeiLan-FangbeganstudyingBeijingOperaateightandplayedhisdebut（初次登场）roleat12.HeacquiredanationalreputationandwasregardedastheleaderofthePearGarden.MeiLanfangwasthefirsttointroduceBeijingOperatotheworldandmadesuccessfultourstoJapan,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.Throughhisperformances,BeijingOperaobtainedworldrenownandinreturnexertedmuchinfluencetotheforeignstage.MeiLan-Fang(1894-1961)ThebestknownBeijingOperamasterever.AftertheoutbreakofResistanceWaragainstJapanesein1937,hestoppedhisperformanceforfiveyears.Hethenmaintainedhisbeardandmustache,andrefusedtoperformfortheoccupyingJapanesearmy.Heresumedhisstagecareeraftertheendofthewarin1946.HestartedtheMeistyle.HismasterpieceplaysincludeFarewellMyConcubine霸王别姬天女散花ScatteringFlowersTheDrunkenConcubine(orDrunkenBeauty)贵妃醉酒穆桂英挂帅HislastmasterpieceRecommandingtheArmyAfemaleroleQingYiplayer.Hehadaverygoodskillofacrobatanddance.HisperformingstylewashighlyregardedandfamedasSHANGStyle.Shangwasalsodedicatedintrainingnewplayers.HefoundedtheRongChunOperaSchool.SHANGXiao-Yun(1899-1976)MadafterLostHerSon失子惊疯HisfamousplaysLadyZhaojunGoingbeyondtheGreatWall昭君出塞HisplayingstylewasrecognizedasCHENGStyle.Mostofhisplayswereabouttragediesandtheroleshetookweresorrowso