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综合教程部分第一单元：卷A全新版第二版综合B3U4-APartIListeningComprehension(14minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartenstatements.Numbers1to6arebasedonTextAwhiletherestarebasedonTextB.EachstatementwillbereadONLYONCE.Listencarefullyanddecidewhethereachstatementistrueorfalse.1.A)TB)FScript:In1905,attheageof26andfiveyearsbeforehewasabletogetajobasaprofessorofphysics,Einsteinpublishedfiveofthemostimportantpapersinthehistoryofscience—allwritteninhissparetime.正确答案：B2.A)TB)FScript:Einsteinprovedthatatomsandmoleculesexisted.正确答案：A3.A)TB)FScript:Einsteinarguedthatlightcameinlittlebits(latercalled“photons”)andthuslaidthefoundationforquantummechanics.正确答案：A4.A)TB)FScript:BeforeEinstein,thelastscientistwhohadsuchacreativeoutburstwasSirIsaacNewton.正确答案：A5.A)TB)FScript:TheUnitedNationshasdeclared2008“TheWorldYearofPhysics”tocelebratethe100thanniversaryofEinstein’s“miracleyear”.正确答案：B6.A)TB)FScript:Einstein’sbrainlookedquitedifferent.正确答案：B7.A)TB)FScript:Einsteinisrememberednotjustasascientificgenius,butalsofromtalesofhiswarmpersonality,simpletastesandsomewhateccentrichabits.正确答案：A8.A)TB)FScript:Einsteinwasslowinlearninghowtotalk.正确答案：A9.A)TB)FScript:Bytheageof17,Einsteinalreadyhadapredilectionforsolvingcomplicatedproblemsinappliedarithmetic.正确答案：B10.A)TB)FScript:Anuncle,JakobEinstein,anengineer,introducedEinsteintothejoysofalgebra.正确答案：ASectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Psychologiststakeopposingviewsonhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocold(11)_________________,affectmotivationand(12)_________________.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheir(13)_________________,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitive(14)_________________,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,(15)_________________thatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceon(16)_________________andgiftsfromothers.The(17)_________________viewhasgainedmanysupportersespeciallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseof(18)_________________sparkscreativityingradeschoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Ifkidsknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreating(19)_________________forrewards.Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearlygrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechangingproblemsandreceive(20)_________________towardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortsandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.Script:Psychologiststakeopposingviewsonhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupportersespeciallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingradeschoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Ifkidsknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearlygrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechangingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortsandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.正确答案：cash正确答案：creativity正确答案：consequences正确答案：researchers正确答案：maintain正确答案：approval正确答案：latter正确答案：smallmonetaryrewards正确答案：toomuchanticipation正确答案：performance-basedpointsPartIIReadingComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AlbertEinsteinwas