材料现代分析方法与新材料技术

(,350002):着重从宏观的角度论述材料现代分析方法与新材料技术发展的关系从材料科学研究的实质出发,其目的在于解释材料的宏观性能与微观组织结构的关系,指出材料现代分析方法是进行材料科学研究以及材料工程应用及失效分析必不可少的研究方法,是对材料的组元成分结构特征以及组织形貌或缺陷等进行观察和分析的重要手段,列举了主要材料现代分析的方法和技术的进展阐述了在新材料的研究及产品的应用中,材料检测评价技术所起的重要地位和作用:材料科学;材料现代分析方法;组织结构表征:TB3:A:1001-4012(2002)11-0466-07ADVANCESOFNEWTECHNOLOGIESOFMATERIALSANDMODERNMETHODSOFMATERIALTESTINGCHENGWen-zhe(CollegeofMaterials,FuzhouUniversity,Fuzhou350002,China)Abstract:Expositionoftherelationshipbetweenmodernmethodsofmaterialtestingandtheprogressofnewtech-nologiesofmaterialswassetforthfromamacroscopicpointofview.Essentiallyexplanationsoftherelationshipbetweenthemacroscopicpropertiesandthemicrostructureofmaterialswereconsideredtobetheaimofresearchworksonmater-ials.Itwasemphasizedthatmodernmethodsofmaterialtestingwereindispensableforresearchworksonmaterials,forapplicationsofmaterialsinengineeringandinfailureanalysis;andthetestingmethodswereimprotantwaysintheobser-vationandanalysisofconstitutionalunits,composition,structuralcharacteristics,andconstitutionalappearancesordefectsofmaterials.Illustrationsofsomerecentprogressesofmodernmethodsandtechniquesofmaterialtestingwerealsogiven.Theimportantroleandpositionofmaterialtestingandevaluationintheresearchesofnewmaterialsandtheirapplicationswasalsodiscussed.Keywords:Materialscience;Modernmethodsofmaterialtesting;Characterizationofconstitutionalstructure,,,21,:2002-10-20:(1957-),,,,,,,,,,,,#466#3811200211-PTCA(PARTA:PHYSICALTESTING)Vol.38No.11Nov.2002,,1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,21,,,21,20001/0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,)))/0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,100e,,,,,#467#:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2,,(),,,,,,,(),,(),(),,(),,,,,,,,X,X,(),,;(PGC),,,,,,,,X,,,,,,XX,#468#:X,XX,,,X,,10-1000eV,15,,,,,X,,,EPSP,(),0.1Lm,,,,,,(),()(),,,,,,,11,()2080017nm,,,,(),0.2nm,,(FIM)50nm,,,0.2~0.3nm2080(STM)2080(SFM),#469#:,,xy,,z,,,0.05mm0.2nm,,,STMRh3+,Keku1e,,XX(XPS)(ESCA),X,(AES),,,,(SIMS),,,,(ATR)ATR,,,,3,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2050,X,,,,;;;;;#470#:X,,,1,,,,,,;,,1(TEM)1.;2.;3.(HTEM)1.();2.;3.(SEM)1.;2.;3.;4.(STEM)1.;2.;3.(EPMA)XX1.();2.(AES)1.();2.()(FEM)()1.;2.(FIM)()1.();2.-(AP-FIM)()1.FIM;2.;3.(STM)()1.;2.(AFM),()1.;2.(SEAM)1.;2.#471#:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,X,,,,,,4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:[1]56.[M].:,1993.[2],,.[M].:,2000.[3].[M].:,2002.[4].[M].:,2002.[5].[M].:,2002.[6].[M].:,2001.#472#: