水利专业英语-Jiaocongcong

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12水文水资源水利专业英语概括要点整理(部分)---JiaoCongcong1水利专业英语概要整理告知12水文班使用的同学:1)为方便班级同学对水利专业英语的复习,特作此电子版供大家自由选择使用,不喜欢电子版复习的同学可打印成纸质版复习;2)本概要整理中分四大部分作了归纳说明,整理的不是很完全,打字过程也难免会有小的错误,我就不一一审核了,若有某处的小纰漏还望接纳;3)此水利专业英语概要整理的内容仅代表我个人的撰写陈述,其中涉及课后习题的答案也仅供大家参考,专业最基本的英语词汇总结出来也是很有限,不代表考试必考部分内容,愿意使用和参考本人整理出来的专业英语概同学在复习过程中发现问题还请及时告诉我以便作及时的修正;4)归纳整理中难以顾全不同英语水平层次的同学,英语词汇量非常有限的同学望自行利用手机、电脑等现代工具查阅词汇含义;5)本人为准备此水利专业英语知识概要整理电子版花费时间较长,目的是希望大家能积极地准备复习,对本概要整理的内容不懂的同学欢迎你的询问,愿与大家共同进步;6)建议需要联系我的同学采取发短信、QQ和微信的方式告知本人。分享人:Congcong2015-10-1812水文水资源水利专业英语概括要点整理(部分)---JiaoCongcong2一、水利专业英语考试题目类型1)单词翻译(汉译英、英译汉);2)句子翻译(汉译英、英译汉)共计5句;3)回答问题(用英语回答所问问题,均为任课教师上课所提问题)共计5句;4)写作(作文内容范围为课上所学知识)。二、水利专业英语课后习题参考答案Chapter1WaterResourcesP91、英译汉(1)resource:资源(2)groundwater:地下水(3)freshwater:淡水(4)polar:两极的(5)glacier:冰川(6)iceberg:冰山(7)creek:小溪(8)pond:池塘(9)crack:裂隙(10)hydroelectric:水力发电的2、汉译英(1)有限的:finite(2)污染:pollution(3)概略地:roughly/summarily(4)有创造力的:creative(5)咸水:saltwater(6)变量:variant(7)水源:watersupply(8)渗透:penetrate(9)粒子:particle(10)可用的:available3、完善句子(1)Convertingsaltwatertofreshwaterisgenerallytooexpensivetobeusedforin-dustrial,agriculturalorhouseholdpurpose.(2)Only3%oftheword’swatersupplyisfreshwaterandtwo-thirdsofthatissalt-water,formingthepolaricecaps,glaciers,andicebergs.(3)Surfacewaterisvisibleabovethegroundsurface,suchascreeks,rivers,pondsandlakes.(4)Groundwateriswaterthateitherfillsthespacesbetweensoilparticlesorpene-tratesthecracksandspaceswithinrocks.Chapter2PlanningforWaterResourcesDevelopmentP151、英译汉(1)planning:规划(2)management:管理(3)engineeringjudgment:工程经验判断(4)mostdesirable:最适宜的(5)projectplan:工程规划(6)flood-plain:洪泛平原(7)feasibilitystudy:可行性研究(8)specifications:说明书2、汉译英(1)单个工程:singleproject(2)区域水管理:regionalwatermanagement12水文水资源水利专业英语概括要点整理(部分)---JiaoCongcong3(3)工程技术:engineering(4)趋势:tendency(5)调和:coordination(6)流域:basin(7)发展:development(8)效力:effectiveness(9)原则上:inprinciple3、完善句子(1)Planningcanbedefinedastheorderlyconsiderationofaprojectfromtheori-ginalstatementofpurposethroughtheevaluationofalternativestothefinaldecisiononacourseofaction.(2)Anoverallwater-managementplan,developedwithcareandcloselycoordinat-edwithotherregionalplans,maybeausefultoolindeterminingwhichofmanypos-sibleactionsshouldbetaken.(3)Thereisnosubstitutefor“engineeringjudgment”intheselectionofthemet-hodofapproachtoprojectplanning.(4)Itisthebasisforthedecisiontoproceedwith(ortoabandon)aproposedprojectandisthemostimportantaspectoftheengineeringfortheproject.Chapter4HydrologyP291、英译汉(1)lithosphere:岩石圈(2)hydrosphere:水圈(3)atmosphere:大气圈(4)watersupply:水源,供水(5)ground-waterhydrology:地下水文学(6)bedrock:岩床,根底(7)hydrology:水文学(8)occurrence:产生(9)pathway:路,径(10)rainfall:降雨2、汉译英(1)干旱:drought(2)污染:contamination(3)推论:deduce(4)泛滥:flooding(5)蒸发:evaporation(6)冰川:glacier(7)转移:divert(8)下游的:downstream(9)造成:pose3、完善句子(1)Thecycleofmovementofwaterbetweenatmosphere,hydrosphere,lithosphereandbiosphereistermedhydrologiccycle.(2)Thisinformationisessentialtodesignandevaluationofnaturalandman-madechannels,bridgeopeningsanddams.(3)Hydrologyisthesciencethatencompassestheoccurrence,distribution,move-mentandpropertiesofthewatersoftheearthandtheirrelationshipwiththeenviron-mentwithineachphaseofthehydrologycycle.Chapter5WaterCycleP361、英译汉(1)evaporation:蒸发(2)absorb:吸收,浸入(3)cycle:循环12水文水资源水利专业英语概括要点整理(部分)---JiaoCongcong4(4)droplet:小滴(5)condensation:凝结,凝聚(6)watervapor:水汽(7)precipitation:降雨(8)hydrologiccycle:水文循环(9)melt:融化(10)moist:潮湿的(11)vegetation:植物,草本(12)rocklayers:岩石层2、汉译英(1)池塘:pond(2)大气:atmosphere(3)海洋:ocean(4)水循环:watercycle(5)凝结:condensation(6)水汽:watervapor(7)减去:subtract(8)小滴:droplet(9)固体:solid(10)渗透:infiltration(11)液态水:liquidwater(12)蓄水库:reservoir3、完善句子(1)Aswatergoesthroughitscycle,itcanbeasolidice,aliquidwater,oragaswatervapor.(2)Waterthatrunsintoriversflowsintoponds,lakes,oroceanswhereiteva-poratesbackintotheatmosphere.(3)Watervaporcondensesintomillionsoftinydropletsthatformclouds.(4)Asaresultofevaporation,condensationandprecipitation,watertravelsfromthesurfaceoftheearth,goesintotheatmosphere,andreturnstoearthagain.Chapter6PrincipleofHydrograph-UnitHydrographsP431、英译汉(1)runoff:径流(2)rainfall:降雨(3)intensively:强烈地,集中地(4)peakdischarges:洪峰流量(5)predict:预测(6)watershed:流域(7)implicit:暗含的,含蓄的(8)distribute:分布(9)consequently:所以(10)variations:变化,变动2、汉译英(1)明确说明:specify(2)暴风雨(雪):storm(3)持续的:duration(4)一致的:uniformly(5)片段:fraction(6)重要性:magnitude(7)假定:assume(8)改变:alter(9)瞬间的:instantaneous3、完善句子(1)Waystopredictflooddischargesanddischargehydrographsfromrainfalleventshavebeenintensivelysincetheearly1930s.12水文水资源水利专业英语概括要点整理(部分)---JiaoCongcong5(2)Theordinatesarethenaddedatcorrespondingtimestdeterminethetotalhydro-graph.(3)Thisisgenerallynottrue;consequently,variationsinordinatesfordifferentstormsofequaldurationcanbeexpected.Chapter8FloodP611、英译汉(1)overflow:泛滥,溢出(2)submerge:淹没(3)deluge:洪水,暴雨(4)rainfall:降雨(5)aridregion:干旱地区(6)absorbwater:吸收水分(7)flashflood:山洪,暴洪(8)floodplain:洪泛平原(9)shallowwater:浅滩水2、汉译英(1)流域:riverbasin(2)防洪堤:levee(3)邻近洪泛平原:adjacentfloodplain(4)农业田地:agriculturalland(5)严重洪水:severeflood(6)有毒物:toxicmaterial(7)海生物:maritimelife(8)溢流:overflow(9)沉积: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