practical-writing-实用写作解析

PracticalEnglishWriting1.PartILettersandCommunications(书信、电函类)2.Part2FormsandCards(表格、卡片类)3.Part3NotesandBills(便条、条据类)4.Part4AdvertisementsandPublicSigns(广告、标识类)Part1LettersandCommunications(书信与电函)一、TypesofEnglishLetterspersonalLettersbusinessLettersfamilylettersloveletterslettersofappointmentsLettersofInvitation邀请信Thank-youLetters感谢信LettersofCongratulation祝贺信LettersofApologies道歉信LettersofConsolation慰问信LettersofCondolence吊唁信LettersofRequests请求信LettersofIntroduction介绍信LettersofRecommendation推荐信LettersofApplication求职信LettersofCertification证明信LettersofComplaint投诉信1.Heading信头,即写信人的地址2.Date日期3.Insideaddress信内地址，即收信人地址4.Salutation称呼5.Body正文6.ComplimentaryClosing结束敬语7.Signature署名二、TheStructureofEnglishLettersI’mwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforaPA/SecretarytotheManagingDirector.…Iwillbeavailableforinterviewatanytime,andlookforwardtohearingfromyou.MailboxNo.23,GXuniversityNanning,Guangxi,ChinaDearSir/Madam,Yoursfaithfully,WilliamJeremySmithNov.7,2011insideaddresssalutationdateheadingbodycomplimentaryclosingsignatureLiGangPeaceHotel1818LingXiaRoadBeijing,China1.BlockFormat齐头式,即每一项构成要素都顶格书写。2.Paragraph-IndentedFormat缩行式,即每段开头都空五格,信头,日期写在右上方,结束语,签名写在右下方。3.ModifiedBlockFormat混合式,即每段开头顶格写,信头,日期,结束语,签名的位置与缩行式相同。三、TheFormatofEnglishLetters信头包括寄信人地址或某公司的名称、地址、电话、电传、传真、邮编、电子信箱地址或网址等。headingEASTERNTEXTILESIMP.&EXP.CO.,LTD.34297ShangchengRoad,Shanghai,China(Tel:[phone]Fax:[e-mail])地址的书写顺序是由小到大:第一行写寄信人的门牌号码、街道名称;第二行先写城镇、县市名称，再写省或州名称，往右空两个字母的位置，再写上邮编。如果是寄往国外的信件，第三行写出寄信人所在国家的名称。英文地址的写法和中文相反，口诀：由小到大(e.g.:号—弄—巷—路/街—城市—国家)号No.(Number)楼F(Floor)室Rm.(Room)弄Aly(Alley)巷Ln.(Lane)路Rd.(Road)街St.(Street)段Sec.(Section)区Dist.(District)县County市City大道Ave.(Avenue)省Province国家名…日期应写在寄信人地址下方，表达方式各不相同。通常英式按日/月/年的顺序，而美式按月日年的顺序。注意：年份写全，不可省略；月份用英文单词表示，不可用数字替代（一般信函可缩写，较正式的公函需写全）；日期用阿拉伯数字基数词表示即可。2ndDecember,2011December2nd,20112December,2011December2,2011DaysandMonths7daysoftheweek12monthsoftheyear信内地址应写在信笺左上方，与信封上的地址完全一致。第一行写收信人姓名（称呼语+全名）；商务信函中还需另起一行写出职务；收信人地址应确切完整。Mr.FrankBrownjobtitlereceiver’saddressinsideaddressPublicRelationsManager305QueensDriveSafewayLaboratoriesreceiver’snameDearSir/Madam,salutation称呼应写在信内地址下，其左边要与信内地址第一行对齐。英文书信的称呼一般都是以Dear…或Mydear…开头的。1.亲近熟悉的人:Dear/Mydear+称呼或名字。2.长辈、关系一般、不相识：Dear+“先生/女士/教授”3.机关、团体、公司、工厂或学校：DearSirorMadam,Towhomitmayconcern.DearSir/Madam,称呼下面隔一两行开始写正文。齐头式段落之间一定要空一行，缩进式通常不空。这样做是为了让段落划分清楚，在应试作文中尤其不可忽视。I’mwritinginresponsetoyouradvertisementforaPA/SecretarytotheManagingDirector.…AlthoughIdidnothavetotravelinmypreviousjob,Iwouldbeverywillingtodoso.Iwillbeavailableforinterviewatanytime,andlookforwardtohearingfromyou.body1、开门见山说意图书信正文写作的五点要求I’mwritingto....I’mwritingtoyouinthehopethat....Ishouldbeverygratefulifyoucould....I’msorrytobotheryou,but....2、咨询/建议1、2、3、3、不同内容可分段4、感谢客气不可少5、期待回信成老套I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Ihopetoreceiveyourresponseshortly.Bestwishestoyou.Withmybestwishes.Yoursfaithfully,开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语也称敬语，使用时也应因人而异，取决于发信人与收信人之间的关系或熟悉程度。1.家人亲戚:Yourlovingmother/son/brother;Yourslovingly,Withlove,Allmyloveetc.2.长辈或一般朋友：Yoursrespectfully/sincerely,Yourstrulyetc.3.机关、团体、学校等：Yoursfaithfully/sincerely,Yourstrulyetc.complementarycloseYoursfaithfully,WilliamJeremySmith写信人要在结束语下面签名，以表示对信件中的全部内容负责。签名最好是写信人的亲笔，手写后可附打印的全名。signature四、StylesofEnglishEnvelopes如要说明信件由何种邮路递送或信件为何种类别，一般在信封正面的左下角注明。•航空ByAirMail•挂号Registered•印刷品PrintedMatter•快件Express•内有照片PhotoEnclosed如信件需由别人或单位转交给收信人，则需在转交人前面加上C/O（careof）后跟转交人的姓名地址。如宋力托李娜转交一封信给李明，信封格式为：SongLiNo.1MiddleSchoolNantong,226000JiangsuLiMingC/OLiNaBeijingUniversityBeijing,100871如不需要邮寄，只需写上受托人和收信人的姓名即可。先写收信人，再用Bycourtesyof,Throughcourtesyof,Byfavorof引出所托之人的姓名。LiMingBycourtesyofLiNa面交信(宋力本人当面交给收信人的信)：SongLiPresentPractice•GeorgeWangwillwritealettertohispenpal,MikeClinton.Mike’saddressis:1025LongStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94101,U.S.A.AndGeorge’saddressis:23,Alley4,Lane130,Sec.IINankingEastRd.Taipei,Taiwan,R.O.C.Pleasewriteanenvelopeforhim.MikeClinton1025LongStreet,SanFrancisco,CA94101U.S.Asender’snameandaddressreceiver’snameandaddressGeorgeWang23,Alley4,Lane130,Sec.IINankingEastRd.Taipei,Taiwan104R.O.C.1.写给家人、亲戚或关系密切的朋友等人时，一般在Dear或Mydear之后分别加上亲属关系的称呼或直书其名。如：DearFather,Mydearson,DearJohn,Mydearuncle等。2.写给年长或关系一般的朋友、同事等时，习惯在Dear之后用“先生”、“小姐”等之类的称呼再加上某人的姓氏。如：DearMr.Smith,DearProfessorSmith,DearChairmanSmith。3.写给机关、团体、公司、学校等单位时，一般用(Dear)Sir(s’),Madam,DearSir/Madam,Gentlemen,Towhomitmayconcern等。五、英文书信常用称呼1.写给家人、亲戚时，一般用Yourlovingfather(son),Yoursveryaffectionately,YoursLovingly,Withlove,Lovingly,Withallthebest,Loveandallgoodwishes等。2.写给朋友、同事、同学等时，一般用Yoursrespectively,Yourssincerely,Yoursobediently,Yourstruly,Yourscordially,Withbestwishes等。3.写给机关、团体、公司、学校等单位时，一般用Yoursfaithfully,Yourssincerely,Yourstruly等。（结束语的第一个字母应大写，其中以Y开头的结束语的次序可以颠倒。如：Sincerelyyours,Cordiallyyours---）六、英文书信常用结束语1.Ishouldbeverygladifyouwouldcometodinnerwithmeatmyhomeat7a.m.onFriday,April24.2.WouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmenextSunday?3.Itwouldbeveryniceifyouandyourwifewouldcomeandspendtheweekendwithus?4.Wehopeyoucancomeandlookforwardtoseeingyoubythen.5.Willyoudousthefavorofjoin