电动汽车在我国的发展现状及其研究

地形平坦开阔，地层由第四系全新冲积层，第四系上更新统冲层组成，局部表覆第四系全新统人工堆积层。第四系全新统冲积层厚度约25～50m，岩性主要为黏土、粉质黏土、粉土、粉砂、细砂；第四系上更新统冲积层厚度大于50m，岩性主要为黏性土、粉土、粉细砂等。管桩深度范围内地层主要为：粉土、黏土、粉质黏土，局部表层为杂填土。couplingCentreshallbechecked,thesecondpouredconcretestrengthofmorethan70%.Intheprocessofreamingorboring,apartfromthespecialprovisionsinfactory,doesnotallowanyworkthatmayaffectthecouplingCentre,suchasirrigation,tocylinderconnectionstofloodthecondenserpipesandsoon.Wellboring,hingeboltholeflangewithcouplingofvertical,notoblique.Mountingboltsshouldbeaddedlubricants,typinggentlywithasmallhammer,nottoolooseortootight,packedtheboltswiththecorrespondingsealscrewholeshouldbemarked.6.4.5.4.2couplingreamedandpairingsisclosetothediameterofboltbearinggoodhingeholes,dressedwithagoodtwocouplingboltsbeforeyoucanmovetherotor,boring-reamingholeinturn.Couplingboltsmustbetightcouplingissymmetricaldiameter,inboring,reaming,twoboltsout.Wellboring,hingeboltholeflangewithcouplingofvertical,notoblique.Duetothecouplingboltsinaccordancewithhingeholescorrespondingtothediameterofthescrewholesonebyoneafterprocessing,processingbackboltinstallationlocationcannotbechanged,soaccordingtoboltaftertheactualweightdifferenceofnutandlockwashertomatch.Generalrequirementsforcouplingtwosymmetricaldiameterbolt,nutandlockwasher'stotalweightdifferenceshouldnotbegreaterthan10gandknocksstampedmark.(SeeFigure18)Thecouplingboltsapplylubricant,andthengentlywithcopperhome,nottoolooseortootight.BoltAssemblyisfinished,symmetricaltighteningallboltsto30%,50%,70%,100%force,andcheckthecouplingflutterandbeforeconnectingthecirclegraduallychangesitsvalueshouldbelessthan0.02mm.Tighteningtorqueofthecouplingboltsshallcomplywiththetechnicalrequirementsmanufacturersdrawings,withadynamometricwrenchorlogtensiontools.Threewheelrotorswingtestcouplingconnectionsshouldbechecked:takingleave,1引言在拉闸限电、关停并转等行政手段的强制作用下,“十一五”节能减排任务终于艰难收官。2011年,是“十二五”规划的开局之年,也是中国转变经济发展方式的关键年份。作为国家节能减排的重要组成部分,新能源汽车被列为加快培育和发展的七大战略性新兴产业之一,而汽车电动化和动力混合化成为新能源汽车的发展重点。电动汽车在沉睡了100多年后,再一次进入了人们的视野。从海关总署公布的数据显示,2010年中国进口原油2.39亿吨,对外依存度超过50%。而据国务院发展研究中心估计,到2020年,中国石油消耗的76%要依赖进口,汽车的石油消耗将占国内石油总需求的57%。能源的紧张使我们不得不为汽车消费的增长找出一条新的思路。另一方面,汽车的大量使用加剧了环境污染。城市大气中CO的82%、NOx的48%、HC的58%和微粒的8%来自汽车尾气。此外,汽车排放的大量CO2加剧了温室效应。而我国国内汽车水平与国外差距很大,平均油耗高出10%～30%,排放约为15～20倍,因此,汽车工业面临减排的压力更大。地形平坦开阔，地层由第四系全新冲积层，第四系上更新统冲层组成，局部表覆第四系全新统人工堆积层。第四系全新统冲积层厚度约25～50m，岩性主要为黏土、粉质黏土、粉土、粉砂、细砂；第四系上更新统冲积层厚度大于50m，岩性主要为黏性土、粉土、粉细砂等。管桩深度范围内地层主要为：粉土、黏土、粉质黏土，局部表层为杂填土。couplingCentreshallbechecked,thesecondpouredconcretestrengthofmorethan70%.Intheprocessofreamingorboring,apartfromthespecialprovisionsinfactory,doesnotallowanyworkthatmayaffectthecouplingCentre,suchasirrigation,tocylinderconnectionstofloodthecondenserpipesandsoon.Wellboring,hingeboltholeflangewithcouplingofvertical,notoblique.Mountingboltsshouldbeaddedlubricants,typinggentlywithasmallhammer,nottoolooseortootight,packedtheboltswiththecorrespondingsealscrewholeshouldbemarked.6.4.5.4.2couplingreamedandpairingsisclosetothediameterofboltbearinggoodhingeholes,dressedwithagoodtwocouplingboltsbeforeyoucanmovetherotor,boring-reamingholeinturn.Couplingboltsmustbetightcouplingissymmetricaldiameter,inboring,reaming,twoboltsout.Wellboring,hingeboltholeflangewithcouplingofvertical,notoblique.Duetothecouplingboltsinaccordancewithhingeholescorrespondingtothediameterofthescrewholesonebyoneafterprocessing,processingbackboltinstallationlocationcannotbechanged,soaccordingtoboltaftertheactualweightdifferenceofnutandlockwashertomatch.Generalrequirementsforcouplingtwosymmetricaldiameterbolt,nutandlockwasher'stotalweightdifferenceshouldnotbegreaterthan10gandknocksstampedmark.(SeeFigure18)Thecouplingboltsapplylubricant,andthengentlywithcopperhome,nottoolooseortootight.BoltAssemblyisfinished,symmetricaltighteningallboltsto30%,50%,70%,100%force,andcheckthecouplingflutterandbeforeconnectingthecirclegraduallychangesitsvalueshouldbelessthan0.02mm.Tighteningtorqueofthecouplingboltsshallcomplywiththetechnicalrequirementsmanufacturersdrawings,withadynamometricwrenchorlogtensiontools.Threewheelrotorswingtestcouplingconnectionsshouldbechecked:takingleave,随着能源危机和环保问题的日益突出,传统汽车工业将面临越来越严峻的挑战。电动汽车,作为新能源汽车家族的重要成员之一,将发挥出不可替代的作用。2电动汽车在我国的发展现状2.1纯电动汽车我国在纯电动汽车方面开展了不少研究,也取得了一批成果。天津清源电动车辆股份有限公司与天汽集团等单位联合研发的纯电动轿车示范运行累计行程超过20万km。通过产学研结合,北京理工大学、北京京华客车厂等单位已经建成多家纯电动客车的研发和产业化基地,小批量研发生产的4种车型、近40辆公交车已投入北京奥运会电动示范车队的运行。2.2燃料电池电动汽车“十五”期间,在“863”电动汽车重大专项以及各地方政府的自主下,我国车用燃料电池技术取得实质性进展,成功开发出轿车和客车用燃料电池系统。同济大学和上海神力科技公司先后共同开发了3代“超越”系列燃料电池电动地形平坦开阔，地层由第四系全新冲积层，第四系上更新统冲层组成，局部表覆第四系全新统人工堆积层。第四系全新统冲积层厚度约25～50m，岩性主要为黏土、粉质黏土、粉土、粉砂、细砂；第四系上更新统冲积层厚度大于50m，岩性主要为黏性土、粉土、粉细砂等。管桩深度范围内地层主要为：粉土、黏土、粉质黏土，局部表层为杂填土。couplingCentreshallbechecked,thesecondpouredconcretestrengthofmorethan70%.Intheprocessofreamingorboring,apartfromthespecialprovisionsinfactory,doesnotallowanyworkthatmayaffectthecouplingCentre,suchasirrigation,tocylinderconnectionstofloodthecondenserpipesandsoon.Wellboring,hingeboltholeflangewithcouplingofvertical,notoblique.Mountingboltsshouldbeaddedlubricants,typinggentlywithasmallhammer,nottoolooseortootight,packedtheboltswi