经典直接引语变间接引语1

Directspeech直接引语和间接引语&indirectspeech学习目标1.了解基本句式：陈述句，疑问句（一般，特殊，选择，反意）,祈使句和感叹句2.记住概念直接引语-----直接引用说话人原来的语句，在书写时用引号。间接引语----用自己的话来转述别人的话。3.理解连接词的选择，语序的调整，时态的改变，指称的改变，并做相关练习间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。讲解注意点直接引语变间接引语要注意以下变化。•连接词•语序•时态•指代(人称、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语)注意连接词的变化1.直接引语为陈述句，用that做连接词。•Hesaid,“Jimlikesitverymuch.”•→Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.2.直接引语为一般疑问句，用if或wether做连接词。Heasks,“IsJimtired？”→HeaskedmeifJimwastired.3.直接引语为特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问句的疑问词wh-词做连接词。Theteachersaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”•→TheteacheraskedmewhatIwasdoing.•注意语序变化如果“直接引语”是疑问句时，我们必须要把疑问语序变为陈述语序（主语在谓语前面）。Sheasked：“WheredoesJimgoeverySunday?”→SheaskedwhereJimwenteverySunday.Therobotasked:“Areyouhappy?”→TherobotaskedifIwashappy.Sheasked“WilltheyflytoChina?”→SheaskediftheywouldflytoChina?”时态变化(主句谓语动词为一般过去时)•直接引语→间接引语•一般现在时→一般过去时•现在进行时→过去进行时•现在完成时→过去完成时•一般过去时→过去完成时•过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）•一般将来时→过去将来时can→couldmay→mightbegoingto→wouldwillnot→wouldnot直接引语变间接引语时态不变的情况当直接引语是客观真理时。当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时。当直接引语是过去完成时态时。当主句谓语动词是一般现在时、现在完成时、一般将来时态时。当直接引语表示的是谚语或名人名言时。当直接引语表示客观的时刻表时。部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等Hesaid,“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.”Mr.Wangsaid,“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972.”Mr.WangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember,1972.Shesaid,“TheyhadleftwhenIarrivedthere.”Shesaidtheyhadleftwhenshearrivedthere.Shesays,“MissliuisgoodatEnglish.”ShesaysMissliuisgoodatEnglish.Hesaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Hesaidthatwherethereisawill,thereisaway.Hesaid,“Theplanetakesoffat6:30am.”Hesaidthattheplanetakesoffat6:30am.Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.注意主从复合句的直接引语变为间接引语时，从句中的一般过去时通常不变为过去完成时。“Iwastherewhentheaccidenthappened.”Hetoldthepolice.Hetoldthepolicethathewastherewhentheaccidenthappened人称变化直接引语代词Iweyoumeusthisthese间接引语代词he/shetheyIhim/herthemthatthoseHesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化指示代词：this→thatthese→those时间状语：now→thentoday→thatdaythisweek/month/year→thatweek/month/yearYesterday→thedaybeforethedaybeforeyesterday→twodaysbefore/earlierlastweek/month/year→theweek/month/yearbeforethreedays(ayear)ago→threedays(ayear)beforetomorrow→thenext/followingdaythedayaftertomorrow→intwodays'timenextweek/month/year→thenext(following)week/month/year地点状语:here→there动词:come→gobring→bring/takeShesaidtome,”Ilivedtherefiveyearsago.”Shetoldmeshehadlivedtherefiveyearsbefore.Shesaidtome,”Iwillseehernextweek.”Shetoldmeshewouldseeherthenextweek.句型变化直接引语为陈述句时变间接引语的句型变化：直接引语若为陈述句，变为间接引语时，间接引语往往变成由从属连词that（在口语中可省略）引导的宾语从句，引述动词常用say、tell等，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应的变化“I’mtired,”hesaid.Hesaid(that)hewastried.Jimsaid,“I’vereadTony’sbookandIdidn’tunderstandit.”Jimsaid(that)hehadreadTony’sbookandhedidn’tunderstandit.WhatdidGarfieldsay?I’mlazy.Hesaidhewaslazy.I’mhard-workingsometimes.Hesaidhewashard-workingsometimes.I’mgoodatridingmotorbikes.Hesaidhewasgoodatridingmotorbikes.I’mbetteratdancingthansinging.Hesaidhewasbetteratdancingthansinging.Icandobetterinswimming.Hesaidhecoulddobetterinswimming.直接引语为疑问句时变间接引语的句型变化：直接引语为疑问句时，变为间接引语时除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面相应变化外，还应注意：•间接引语应改为陈述语序。•特殊疑问句的疑问词应保留。•一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句在变为间接引语时要用连词whether(或if)。Whether可与ornot连用,表示一种选择。而if则不可。1.“Ittheresomethingwrong,Madam?”askedthepoliceman.Thepolicemanaskedthewomanwhether/iftherewassomethingwrong.2.Sheasked,“Whatitis?What’sgoingtohappennow?”Sheaskedwhatitwasandwhatwasgoingtohappenthen.3.“It’sMary,isn’tit?”askedJane.JaneaskedwhetheritwasMary.Mybrothersaidtome,“I’mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek.Mybrothertoldmehewasgoingtohaveaholidaythenextweek.Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom?”MotheraskedmewhatIwasdoingintheroom.Heasked,“CanIborrowyourbike?”Heaskedwhether/ifhecouldborrowmybike.Tomsaidtome,“Doyoulikefootball?”Tomaskedmewhether/ifIlikedfootball.Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.Shesaid,“Iwentthereyesterday.”Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.祈使句变间接引语•若直接引语是祈使句，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，运用短语tell/ask/ordersb.todosth.。•如果祈使句为否定句，在不定式前面加not。1.Don’tmakeanynoise,shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.2.“Don’tcryanymore.”Hesaidtohislittlesister.→Heaskedhislittlesisternottocryanymore.祈使句变间接引语时，1.表示邀请，请求某人（不）做某事时，用asksb.(not)todosth.2.表示叫，吩咐某人（不）做某事时，用tellsb.(not)todosth.3.表示命令某人（不）做某事时，用ordersb.(not)todosth.1.“Shutup,”shesaidtohim.Shetoldhimtoshutup.2.Don'twaitforme,hesaidtothem.Hetoldthemnottowaitforthem.3.Canyoutellmeastory?thegirlaskherfather.Thegirlaskedherfathertotellherastory.直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词（或从句）。”Hesaid,Let’sgotothefilm.→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheymightgotoseethefilm.感叹句的间接引语直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。Hesaid,Howwellyoulook!他说：你看起来气色多好啊！→HesaidhowwellIlooked.他说我看起来是气色多好啊。→HesaidthatIlookedverywell.他说我看起来气色很好。做题技巧：①判断句式，选对连接词②去引号，整理成句③根据主句的时态和人称，变语序和时态，变指代•1.Mumsaid,“Iwouldliketohavesomenoodles.”→Mumsaidthatshewouldliketohavesomenoodles.2.“WhatcanIdoforyou?”heaskedme.→Heaskedmewhathecould