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TheWelfareStateItissaidthatChurchilloncepromisedtobuildawelfaresystemwhich“looksafterpeople“fromcradletograve”.However,intheelectionsimmediatelyheldaftertheWorldWarⅡ,theLaborPartydefeatedtheConservativeParty(LeadingbyChurchill).Anyway,thegovernmentofBritishgotdowntocreatingawelfarestateafterthewar,whichinfluencedthewholeEuropelater.ThecreationofthewelfarestateinBritainbeganwiththenationalizationmovement.Thegovernmentnationalizedthebanks,industries,publictransportationandpublicutilities.TheyalsonationalizedthemedicalinsurancewhichhadpavedwaytotheNationalHealthService.,andthentheyenactedtheNationalInsuranceActandtheNationalHealthServiceActin1946.Accordingtotheinformationoninternet,theNationalHealthServicesystemwasimplementedcomprehensivelyin1948.Althoughthegovernmentallowtheprivatehospitalsmaintained,mostdoctorsandothermedicalprofessionturnedtoworkforthegovernmentinfewyears.Now,theNationalHealthServiceisthelargestsingleemployeroflaborintheGreatBritain.Thenationalpublichealthserviceincludestwoparts:primaryhealthcareandseniorhospitalservices.Accordingtothelaw,alltheBritishcitizenscanenjoythepublichealthservices.Theprimaryhealthcareisinchargewith“familydoctors”.Britishcitizensindifferentareacanchoseonefamilydoctorintheirresidentialzoneandregister.Whentheyfindsomethingwrongintheirbodies,theywillseekhelpbygoingtotheCliniqueoftheirfamilydoctorsoraskingthedoctorstocometotheirhomes.Ifone’sdiseaseisseriousorcomplex,hisfamilydoctorwillturntotheexpertsorsendhimtothehospital.Whenthepatientisinhospital,allthecosts,includingthemeals,arepaidbythegovernment.Becauseofthissystem,alltheBritishcitizens,despitetheirdifferencesingender,age,occupation,socialpositionsorincomelevel,cangetthebestandfastesttreatment.Buyingthemedicinesisalsofree,thatis,ifapatientwantsgetthemedicinesfromadrugstore,allheneedstodoisgivetheclienttheprescription.What’smore,thingsdisabledpeopleneed,suchaswheelchairs,artificiallimbsandhearingaidsareprovidedfreeofcharge,too.Oneofmyfriends,whosefatherisadoctorinEngland,hadtoldmethateventhoughthetreatmentisfree,andithasnothingtodowiththedoctorsincome,doctorsinBritainalwaystrytosavemoneyfortheirgovernment.Inordertosavemoney,theywillasksomepatientswhoarenotveryseriousnottoliveinthehospital,so,manypatientshavetotaketaxistohospitalsforcureeveryday,untiltheyrecovercompletely.Butdoctorswillnevergiveupthetreatmentevenwhenthepatientwantstogiveup,becausetheyconsiderthatifapersoncannotworkfordecades,thegovernmentwilllosemoremoneythanthetreatmentcosts.Thesecondprogram,NationalInsurance,issetupfortheold,disabled,mentallyretardedpersonandmentalpatient.Britishlawdemandsthatallthecompaniesmustemploy3%disabledpersonamongtheirstaffiftheyhavemorethan20employees.Thegovernmentalsoasksdisabledpeoplesupporttheirselvesbytheirownlabor.Allthedisabledpeoplewhohavetheabilitytoworkmustaccepttechnicaltraining,andthenseekjobwiththehelpofgovernment.Thiscanmakesurethatallthedeficientpeoplearesupportedwithoutwastinginsurancefund.TheSocialSecurityisthebiggestpartofthewelfaresystem.Itinvolvesmanyprogramssuchasretiringpension,familyallowance,unemploymentpension,andchild-welfare.TheinsuranceiscompulsiveinBritain.Britishcitizensmustpaytheinsuranceaftertheyleaveschooluntiltheyareretired.Eldercitizenscantakeouttheirpensionwhenreachtheretiringage.TheyhaveBasicpensionandadditionalpension.Basicpensionisdispensedbythestateaccordingtocertainstandards.Regardlessoftheoriginalsalary,thebasicpensionforallretireesisthesame,andthegovernmentcanadjustitannuallyaccordingtoinflation.Itis£52perweekforsinglepersons,couplescanget£83.25.Additionalretiringpensionislikeinsurance.ItasksBritishcitizenstopayanadditionalfee,determinedbytheirwage.Theunemployedpeoplecanget£52perweek,too.Iftheycannotfindthejobinoneyear,theycanonlygetthefamilyallowance,whichislowerthantheunemploymentpension.Meanwhile,theunemployedpeoplemustacceptthejobsgovernmentarrangedforthem.Ifyoudon’twantthejobprovidedbygovernment,theyhavetherighttostopyourpension.Pregnantwomencangetthematernityfeefromtheiremployerwhichisnotlessthan44.5poundsperweek.Unmarriedpregnantgirlscangettheirmaternityfeefromthestate.Awomaninfifthmonthsofpregnancycanalsoreceivefetalnutritionsubsidies.Moreover,aftergivingbirthtoalivebaby,shecanget£100fromtheSocialFund.Ifthechildisstillborn,aslongasshewaspregnantformorethan28weeks,shecanalsogetthis£100.Whensheisbringingupthefirstchild,shecanget£8.25perweektillthechildis16yearsold,butthefollowedchildcanonlyget£7.25perweek.Inaddition,forpeopledisabledordeadforworking,theyortheirfamiliescanenjoyarelativelyhighersubsidyorpension.Atlast,alltheBritishpeoplealsohavesubsidyforhousing,funeralandsoon.However,everycoinhastwosides.Thissystemalsohasitsdisadvantages.Itisaheavyburdenofthegovernment,anditinvisiblyaddsthetaxeswhichareimposedontheirpeople.Inordertosolvethisproblem,theBritishgovernmenthastriedmanymethodstoreformthissystem,buttheydidn’tsuccess.Allinall,thewelfaresystemofBritainisamodelforothercountries.Eventhoughitisaheavyburdenofthegovernment,itisappealingtopeople,soBritishgovernmentmustkeep