1语法专项突破专题十五主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。考点一语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。1.当and或both...and...连接两个或三个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。TomandMikearefromtheU.S.A.汤姆和迈克都来自美国。BothLucyandLilyarestudents.露西和莉莉都是学生。2.不定代词either,neither,eachone,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。—Isthereanythingwrongwithyourwatch?你的手表有什么毛病吗?—No,thereisn't.不,没有。Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。3.由each,each...andeach...,every,every...andevery...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenanewbook.给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一本新书。4.主语后接有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。Mr.GreenwithhiswifeandtwodaughtersiscomingtoBeijing.格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京。5.anumberof+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;thenumberof+限定词+名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberoftreeswerecutdown.许多树木被砍倒了。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis32.我们班的学生人数为32。6.“alotof(lotsof,plentyof,apileof,pilesof,mostof)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。Lotsofpeoplehavebeenthere.很多人去过那儿。7.由“apair(akind,aseries...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds...)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Apairofsunglassesislyingonthetable.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fiftypairsofshoesaremadeeachday.每天能制作50双鞋。8.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves...)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Myglasseswerebroken.我的眼镜坏了。9.不定式或v.ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Readingislearning.读书就是学习。2Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。考点二意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。1.由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念(即and后面无冠词),则谓语动词用单数形式。Theteacherandwriteriscomingtogiveusatalknextweek.那位老师兼作家下周要给我们作报告。Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会。2.表示金钱、价格、时间、距离、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。Threeyearsisalongtime.三年是一段很长的时间。3.集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government...)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式,如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。Myfamilyaregoingonvacationnextmonth.我们一家人下个月要去度假。Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。4.people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicearehelpingagirlfindherparents.警察正在帮助女孩找父母。Peopletherearelivingahappylife.那儿的人们生活得很快乐。5.oneandahalf的后面要接复数名词,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。Oneandahalfcakesisagoodmealforthemonkey.一个半蛋糕对猴子来说是一顿美餐。考点三就近一致原则有时谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致,这种原则叫做就近一致原则。1.由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔。2.Therebe...和Herebe...这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。ThereisatablewiththreelegsinTom'sroom.在汤姆的房间有一张三条腿的桌子。1.—What'sonthedesk?—There______somebooks.A.beB.areC.is2.Thankstotheorganization,somemoney______giventothepoorchildren.A.wasB.wereC.are3.Theshoesunderthedesk______Bruce's.A.isB.areC.has4.There______lotsofpeopleattherestaurantwhenIgotthere.A.isB.wereC.are5.—Physics______moredifficultthanChinese,doyouthinkso?—Yes,Ithinkso.A.isB.areC.has6.Twodays______enoughformetofinishthework.Ineedathirdday.3A.isn'tB.isC.aren't7.Iaswellasyou______goodatmath.A.amB.isC.are8.Myuncle'sfamily______ahappyone.Nowthewholefamily______havingabirthdaypartyformycousin.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;is9.Neithermyfathernormymother______rockmusic.Theythinkthatit'stoo______.A.like;noiseB.likes;noiseC.likes;noisy10.Thenumberofthebooksinthebookshopisabout10,000andanumberofthem______aboutscience.A.isB.wasC.are11.Oneofmyfriends______movedtoAmerica.Imisshersomuch.A.hasB.haveC.is12.Here______someflowersandsomemoneyforyou.A.isB.areC.have13.Tocollectstamps______oneofmyhobbies.A.isB.areC.were14.Eachofthestudents______anewMP4now.A.haveB.hasC.are15.Mikewithhisbrother______listeningtothemusicverymuch.A.likesB.likeC.liking16.Twothirdsofthegirls______thirteenyearsold.A.isB.areC.has17.Walkingaftersupper______goodforourhealth.A.isB.areC.have18.Everyonebutmyparents______gonetoBeijing.A.haveB.hasC.is19.Thispairofshoes______fifteenyuan.A.isB.areC.has20.Thesingerandwriter______fromJapan.A.areB.isC.come21.—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?—Either______OK,butIprefercoffee______milk.A.is;withB.is;toC.are;with22.—Heisadoctorandhisbrotherisadoctor,too.—Youmeanbothheandhisbrother______doctors,right?A.isB.beC.are23.Thenews______veryinteresting!Tellmemore.A.isB.areC.were24.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn______seenthefilm.A.isB.hasC.are25.Thestudentswho______handedinhomework,standup,please.A.isn'tB.aren'tC.haven't26.—Here______somepicturebooksforyou,Bob.—Thankyoualot.A.amB.isC.are4参考答案专题十五主谓一致专题提升演练1.Btherebe结构的主语是somebooks,故be动词用are。2.Amoney是不可数名词,故be动词用was。3.B句意:桌子下面的鞋子是布鲁斯的。主语是复数形式,因此谓语动词为are。4.Btherebe结构的谓语和最近的主语保持主谓一致,时间状语从句为一般过去时,故主句的谓语动词用一般过去时。答案为B项。5.Aphysics“物理”,在此容易被误当作复数名词,类似的还有maths。此类名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。再由moredifficult是形容词故其前面的谓语动词为be动词。答案为A项。6.Atwodays在此是一个整体概念,因此谓语动词用单数;再由句意“我还需要一天”,可知两天对于完成这项工作不够。7.Aaswellas连接两个并列主语时谓语动词和其前面的一致。8.A句意:我叔叔的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。现在整个家庭正在为我的堂弟过生日。第一个family作为一个整体,因此谓语动词用单数;第二个family指家庭成员,因此谓语动词用复数。9.Cneither...nor...连接并列主语时谓语动词和最近的主语保持一致,故排除A项;noise“噪音”是名词,不可被副词too修饰;noisy“嘈杂的,喧闹的”是形容词,可以被副词too修饰,故答案为C项。10.C由上一句的时态为一般现在时可排除B项,再由anumberof引导的名词短语作主语谓语动词用复数可排除A项。11.Aoneof..
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