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大学英语四级分类模拟题489PartⅠWriting1、Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesayingAllshallpasswithtimegoingby.Youcanciteexamplestoillustratethemeaningoflettinggoofpastgloryandsufferinginlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡReadingComprehensionPassageOneCoca-Colahasalwaysbeenmorefocusedonitseconomicbottomlinethanonglobalwarming,butwhenthecompanylostaprofitableoperatinglicenseinIndiabecauseofaseriouswatershortagetherein2004,thingsbegantochange.Today,afteradecadeofincreasingdamagetoCoke'sbalancesheetasglobaldroughtsdriedupthewaterneededtoproduceitssoda,thecompanyhasembracedtheideaofclimatechangeasaneconomicallydisruptiveforce.Increaseddroughts,moreunpredictablevariability,100-yearfloodseverytwoyears,saidJeffreySeabright,Coke'svicepresidentforenvironmentandwaterresources,listingtheproblemsthathesaidwerealsodisruptingthecompany'ssupplyofsugarcaneandsugarbeets(甜美).Whenwelookatourmostessentialingredients,weseethoseeventsasthreats.CokereflectsagrowingviewamongAmericanbusinessleadersandmainstreameconomistswhoseeglobalwarmingasaforcethatcontributestolowerGDP's,higherfoodandcommoditycosts,brokensupplychainsandincreasedfinancialrisk.Theirpositionisatstrikingoddswiththelongstandingargument,advancedbythecoalindustryandothers,thatpoliciestocurbcarbonemissionsaremoreeconomicallyharmfulthantheimpactsofclimatechange.InWashington,theWorldBankpresident,JimYongKim,hasputclimatechangeatthecenterofthebank'smission,citingglobalwarmingaschiefcontributortorisingglobalpovertyratesandfallingGDP'sindevelopingnations.InEurope,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,theParis-basedclubof34industrializednations,hasbeguntowarnofthesteepcostsofincreasedcarbonpollution.Nike,whichhasmorethan700factoriesin49countries,manyinSoutheastAsia,isalsospeakingoutbecauseofextremeweatherthatisdisruptingitssupplychain.In2008,floodstemporarilyshutdownfourNikefactoriesinThailand,andthecompanyremainsconcernedaboutrisingdroughtsinregionsthatproducecotton,whichthecompanyusesinitsathleticclothes.BothNikeandCokearerespondinginternally:Cokeuseswater-conservationtechnologiesandNikeisusingmoresyntheticmaterialthatislessdependentonweatherconditions.AtDavosandinglobalcapitals,thecompaniesarealsolobbyinggovernmentstoenactenvironmentallyfriendlypolicies.2、WhydidCoca-ColalosetheoperatinglicenseinIndiain2004?A.Itsoperatinglicensewasoverdue.B.Itonlyfocusedonitseconomicbottomline.C.Indiawaslackofwaterresources.D.Itdecidedtofightagainstclimatechange.3、WhatcanberegardedasathreataccordingtoJeffreySeabright?A.Thelossofprofitableoperatinglicenses.B.Naturaldisasterharmfultosupplyofingredients.C.Mainstreamviewtowardsglobalwarming.D.Inadequatesupplyofsugarcane.4、Howdoesthecoalindustryfeelaboutthepoliciestocurbcarbonemissions?A.Theyarehelpfulinhelpingtheindustry.B.Theyareeffectiveinprotectingtheenvironment.C.Theycontributetolowproductivityintheindustry.D.Theyhaveanegativeimpactoneconomy.5、WhatdoesJimYongKimsayabouttheclimatechange?A.ItmakescontributiontorisingGDPsindevelopingcountries.B.Itisadominatereasonfortheclimbingglobalpovertyrates.C.TheWorldBankhassenttrademissiontodealwithit.D.Thecostofcontrollingithasbeenincreased.6、WhatactionsdoesNiketaketotackletheproblem?A.Usingmoreman-madematerials.B.Reducingcarbonemissions.C.Enactingenvironmentallyfriendlypolicies.D.Applyingwater-conservationtechnologies.PassageTwoWhatarefeelingsfor?Mostnon-scientistswillfinditastrangequestion.Feelings.justifythemselves.Theyneedservenootherpurposeinordertoexist.Ontheotherhand,manyevolutionarybiologists,incontrasttoanimalbehaviorists,acknowledgesomeemotionsareprimarilyfortheirsurvivalfunction.Forbothanimalsandhumans,fearmotivatestheavoidanceofdanger,loveisnecessarytocareforyoung,andangerpreparesonetoholdground.Butthefactthatabehaviorfunctionstoservesurvivalneednotmeanthat;thatiswhyitisdone.Otherscientistshaveattributedthesamebehaviortoconditioning,tolearnedresponses.Certainreflexesandfixedactionpatternscanoccurwithoutfeelingsorconsciousthought.Agullchickpecksataredspotaboveit.Theparenthasaredspotonitsbill(喙);thechickpeckstheparent'sbill.Thegullparentfeedsitschickwhenpeckedonthebill.Thebabygetsfed.Theinteractionneedhavenoemotionalcontent.Atthesametime,thereisnoreasonwhysuchactionscannothaveemotionalcontent.Inmammals—includinghumans—thathavegivenbirth,milkisoftenreleasedautomaticallywhenanewbabycries.Thisisnotundervoluntarycontrol;itisreflex.Yetthisdoesnotmeanthatfeedinganewbabyisexclusivelyreflexandexpressesnofeelinglikelove.Humanshavefeelingsabouttheirbehaviorevenifitisconditionedorreflexive.Yetsincereflexesexist,andconditionedbehavioriswidespread,measurable,andobservable,mostscientiststrytoexplainanimalbehaviorusingonlytheseconcepts.Itissimpler.Preferringtoexplainbehaviorinwaysthatfitscientificmethodsmosteasily,scientistshaverefusedtoconsideranycausesforanimalbehaviorotherthanreflexiveandconditionedones.Scientificorthodoxy(_正统观念)holdsthatwhatcannotbereadilymeasuredortestedcannotexist,orisunworthyofseriousattention.Butemotionalexplanationsfor