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中国社会科学院研究生院2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷英语（A卷）2016年3月26日8:30–11:30答题说明1.请考生按照答题卡的要求填写相关内容。在“姓名”一栏中，请用中文填写1本人姓名；“试卷类型”一栏，本人无需填写。2．在答题卡的“考生编号”一栏中填入本人的准考证号。例如：考号为012345678900001，请考生在第一行中填写阿拉伯数字012345678900001，然后再将各栏中相应的数字涂黑，如下图所示。如不涂满，计算机将识别为无效试卷。考生编号（左对齐）012345678900001■[0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0]■■■■[0][1]■[1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1][1]■[2][2]■[2][2][2][2][2][2][2][2][2][2][2][2][3][3][3]■[3][3][3][3][3][3][3][3][3][3][3][4][4][4][4]■[4][4][4][4][4][4][4][4][4][4][5][5][5][5][5]■[5][5][5][5][5][5][5][5][5][6][6][6][6][6][6]■[6][6][6][6][6][6][6][6][7][7][7][7][7][7][7]■[7][7][7][7][7][7][7][8][8][8][8][8][8][8][8]■[8][8][8][8][8][8][9][9][9][9][9][9][9][9][9]■[9][9][9][9][9]3.在答题卡上填写答案时，请务必按照图示将选项格涂满;在A,B,C,D四个选项中，只有一个正确答案。填写两个或两个以上答案，本题无效。如需涂改，请务必用橡皮擦净后再重新填写。4.试卷第三部分（包括阅读7选5、概要）、第四部分(包括英译汉、汉译英)，请考生直接写在英语试题答题纸上的指定位置，不再提供额外的答题纸。请将以下题目的答案填写在答题卡上。2PARTI:Cloze(20points)Directions:Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank.Productionworkersmustbeabletodostatisticalqualitycontrol.Productionworkersmustbeabletodojust-in-timeinventories.Managersareincreasinglyshiftingfromadon'tthink,dowhatyouaretoldtoathink,Iamnotgoingtotellyouwhattodostyleofmanagement.Thisshiftoccursnotbecausetoday'smanagersaremore___(1)___thanyesterday'smanagers,butbecausetheevidenceismountingthatthesecondstyleofmanagementismore___(2)___thanthefirststyleofmanagement.Butthismeansthatproblemsoftrainingandmotivatingtheworkforcebothbecomemorecentralandrequiredifferentmodelsofbehavior.Tobeontopofthissituation,tomorrow'smanagerswillhavetohavestrongbackgroundinorganizationalpsychology,humanrelations,andlabor___(3)___.TheMITSloanSchoolofquicklymanagementattemptsto___(4)___ourunderstandingintheseareasthroughresearchandthenquicklybringthe___(5)___ofthisnewresearchtoourstudentssothattheycanbeleading-edgemanagerswhenitcomestothehumansideoftheequation.ThefirstthreedecadesafterWorldWarIIwere___(6)___in___(7)___theUnitedStateshadahugetechnologicallead___(8)___alltherestintheworld.Inaveryrealsense,___(9)___technologicalcompetitive.Americanfirmsdidnothavetoworryabouttheirtechnologicalcompetitivenessbecausetheywere___(10)___.Butthatworldhasdisappeared.TodayweliveinaworldwhereAmericanfirms___(11)___haveautomatictechnological___(12)___.Insomeareastheyarestillahead,insomeareastheyare___(13)___,andinsomeareastheyarebehind,butonaverage,theyareaverage.___(14)___thismeansisthatAmericanmanagershavetounderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangeinways___(15)___werenotnecessaryinthepast.Conversely,managersfromtherestoftheworldknowthatitisnowpossibleforthemtodominatetheirAmericancompetitorsiftheyunderstandtheforcesoftechnicalchangebetterthantheirAmericancompetitorsdo.Intheworldoftomorrowmanagerscannotbetechnologically___(16)______(17)___theirfunctionaltaskswithinthefirm.Theydon'thavetobescientistsorengineersinventingnewtechnologies,___(18)___theyhavetobemanagerswhounderstandwhentobetandwhennotbetonnewtechnologies.Ifthey___(19)___whatisgoingonandtechnologyeffectivelybecomesablackbox,they___(20)___tomakethechanges.Theywillbelosers,notwinners.1.a.enlightenedb.enlighteningc.enlightenmentd.enlighten2.a.sterileb.producingc.productived.extravagant3.a.economicsb.economicc.economyd.economies4.a.takeb.arousec.rised.advance5.a.resultsb.evidencec.contentd.fruits6.a.usualb.flawedc.unusuald.unessential7.a.whichb./c.thatd.those8.a.byb.overc.ond.upon9.a.wastheworldnotb.theworldwasnotc.didtheworldbenotd.wasnottheworld10.a.superiorb.superc.inferiord.junior11.a.stillb.evenc.neitherd.nolonger312.a.superiorityb.inferiorityc.majorityd.minority13.a.commonb.averagec.ignorantd.exceptional14.a.Howb.Thatc.Whatd.Which15.a.thatb.theyc.thosed.who16.a.illiterateb.sophisticatedc.literated.omniscient17.a.regardlessb.inspiteofc.despited.regardlessof18.a.andb.likewisec.furthermored.but19.a.didn’tunderstandb.don'tunderstandc.haven’tunderstoodd.hadn’tunderstood20.a.failedb.wouldhavefailedc.wouldfaild.wouldbefailedPARTII:ReadingComprehension(30points)Directions:Choosethebestanswersbasedontheinformationinthepassagesbelow.Passage1Theleadersofthemythopoeticmen'smovementbelievethatmodernizationhasledtothefeminizationofmen.Mythopoetsbelievethattheriseoftheurbanindustrialsocietytrappedmenintostraitjacketsofrationality,thusbluntingthepowerfulemotionalcommunionandcollectivespiritualtranscendencethattheybelievemenintribalsocietiestypicallyenjoyed.Mostimportantly,themovementseekstorestorethedeepmasculinetomenwhohavelostitintheirmoremodernlifestyles.Othercausesforthelossofthedeepmasculineinclude:Mennolongerbeingcomradeswhocelebratedtheirmasculinitytogether.Rather,theyhadbecomecompetitorswithintheirworkplaces;Menspendingmoretimeintheirhouseswithwomenthantheydidwithmen(innon-competitivetermsoutsideofwork).Excessiveinteractionwithwomengenerallykeptmenfromrealizingtheirinternalmasculinity;Feminismisbringingattentiontothe“femininevoice.”Throughthis,themythopoeticmenfeltthattheirvoiceshadbeenmuted(thoughBlyandothersarecarefulinnotblamingfeminismforthis);Theseparationofmenfromtheirfatherskeptthemfrombeingtrulyinitiatedintomanhood,andwasasourceof