相控阵天线仿真分析报告

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2X2相控阵天线仿真分析 温州大学 张文杰 (wjzhg@263.net) 一、仿真分析软件HFSS13.0 二、基本单元天线特性     作为相控阵天线的基本单元,贴片天线的结构如下:  2.1如下图,单元天线的回波损耗约‐20dB,中心频率0.889GHz    0.700.750.800.850.900.951.00Freq[GHz]-20.00-17.50-15.00-12.50-10.00-7.50-5.00-2.500.00dB(St(1,1))Patch_Antenna_ADKv1ReturnLossANSOFTm2m3m1CurveInfodB(St(1,1))Setup1:Sweep1NameDelta(X)Delta(Y)Slope(Y)InvSlope(Y)d(m2,m3)0.00570.198334.69650.0288NameXYm10.8899-19.5785m20.8869-10.0729m30.8927-9.8746    2.2天线的增益方向图 最大增益约7.2dB,最大辐射方向在Z轴方向,。‐3dB夹角约81°.天线输入阻抗约(40+j2)Ω     -200.00-150.00-100.00-50.000.0050.00100.00150.00200.00Theta[deg]-25.00-20.00-15.00-10.00-5.00-0.005.0010.00Y1Patch_Antenna_ADKv1ff_2D_GainTotalANSOFTm1m2m3CurveInfodB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='0deg'dB(GainTotal)_1Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='90deg'NameXYm10.00007.1685m2-43.50004.1844m338.00004.1633NameDelta(X)Delta(Y)Slope(Y)InvSlope(Y)d(m2,m3)81.5000-0.0212-0.0003-3851.2773  Z=(0.8+j0.04)X50=(40+j2)Ω   -18.00-11.00-4.003.009060300-30-60-90-120-150-180150120RadiationPattern1m1m2m3CurveInfodB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='0deg'dB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='45deg'dB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='90deg'NameDelta(Theta)Delta(Ang)Delta(Mag)d(m2,m3)81.000082.0000-0.0233NameThetaAngMagm10.00000.00007.1685m2-43.0000-44.00004.1136m338.000038.00004.09035.002.001.000.500.200.005.00-5.002.00-2.001.00-1.000.50-0.500.20-0.200.000102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180-170-160-150-140-130-120-110-100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10InputImpedancem1NameFreqAngMagRXm10.8899166.16080.10930.8071+0.0427i三、2X2相控阵天线的模拟分析    3.1相控阵天线布局 四个单元呈矩形分布:上面二个,下面二个。上面二个天线的中心矩为160mm(X方向,矢量U);上下二个天线的中心矩为130mm(y方向,矢量V)。z方向为平面法线方向。设垂直矢量为U,水平矢量为V。V矢量保持相位为0°不变,U矢量可在-90°到90°之间通过移向控制板设定或连续扫描。理想状态下,即忽略连线及功率分配器阻抗适配引入的损耗和天线间相互干扰的情况下,几种典型情况仿真分析如下。 3.2 UV矢量同相位情况 UV矢量同相位均为0°, 天线总增益约13dB,X,Y方向‐3dB夹角为47°左右    3.3 U矢量为90°时 U矢量为90°时,天线总增益约12dB,X方向‐3dB夹角为61°(‐52~9°),Y方向约57°(‐30~27°)。见下图。   -28.00-16.00-4.008.009060300-30-60-90-120-150-180150120RadiationPattern1m1m2m3CurveInfodB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='0deg'dB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='90deg'NameThetaAngMagm10.00000.000013.1891m2-23.0000-24.000011.2116m324.000024.000010.0258NameDelta(Theta)Delta(Ang)Delta(Mag)d(m2,m3)47.000048.0000-1.1858  3.4 V矢量为0°U矢量为‐90°时 V矢量为0°U矢量为‐90°时,天线总的最大增益约12dB。‐3dB角X方向59.5°(‐9.5~50°),Y方向约57°(‐30~27°) -200.00-150.00-100.00-50.000.0050.00100.00150.00200.00Theta[deg]-50.00-37.50-25.00-12.500.0012.50Y1Patch_Antenna_ADKv1ff_2D_GainTotalANSOFTm1m2m3m4m5CurveInfodB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='0deg'dB(GainTotal)_1Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='90deg'NameDelta(X)Delta(Y)Slope(Y)InvSlope(Y)d(m2,m3)61.00000.09700.0016628.6910d(m4,m5)57.00000.03090.00051845.8990NameXYm10.000010.1788m2-52.00007.1586m39.00007.2557m4-30.00007.0281m527.00007.0590-36.00-22.00-8.006.009060300-30-60-90-120-150-180150120RadiationPattern1m1CurveInfodB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='0deg'dB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='90deg'NameThetaAngMagm10.00000.000010.1788  -200.00-150.00-100.00-50.000.0050.00100.00150.00200.00Theta[deg]-50.00-37.50-25.00-12.500.0012.50Y1Patch_Antenna_ADKv1ff_2D_GainTotalANSOFTm1m2m3m4m5CurveInfodB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='0deg'dB(GainTotal)_1Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='90deg'NameDelta(X)Delta(Y)Slope(Y)InvSlope(Y)d(m2,m3)59.50000.03700.00061608.6354d(m4,m5)57.00000.03090.00051845.8990NameXYm10.000010.1788m2-9.50007.1382m350.00007.1752m4-30.00007.0281m527.00007.0590  3.5 相控阵天线主要特点总结     1、当V矢量保持相位0°不变,U矢量相位在‐90~90°之间扫描时,‐3dB辐射角约为102°(‐52~50°)。与单天线相比可读取范围大大拓宽。     2、当UV矢量相位均为0°不变时,方向角为47°,与单天线方向角为80°左右相比,大大增强了天线的方向性。     3、当UV矢量相位均为0°不变时,天线最大增益约13dB,与单贴片天线增益7dB相比较,阅读距离大大增加。  五、相控阵天线的阅读距离分析计算。     标签内容能够被读写器可靠读出的距离称为有效通信距离r。据天线的有关理论可以证明有如下关系成立   -36.00-22.00-8.006.009060300-30-60-90-120-150-180150120RadiationPattern1m1CurveInfodB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='0deg'dB(GainTotal)Setup1:LastAdaptiveFreq='0.915GHz'Phi='90deg'NameThetaAngMagm10.00000.000010.1788   标签   失配标签离估   增益的读天线增益   带上=0.3=2.8   线最=0.3=17   条件 由上公式签芯片的读  读写器的配损耗;读卡签,芯片与天估算如下。 [例一]如下益约为3dBi读写距离分(1)设标线发射功率益为6dBi, =4*11*2上述参数入328/(4*3.14183(m)   (2)若采最大增益为328/(4*3.147.89(m)  (3)对于件不变,则式可见,读写读写阈值和天的天线一般卡器天线增天线一般不 下图的天线i;某常用标分析计算如下标签芯片的率Pt为17dB工作频率为26/((11+26)入式可得:   6)*SQRT(50*采用上述相为12dBi,其他  416)*SQRT(于单天线,若读写距离为  写器对标签天线增益有般和射频功率增益一般优不作阻抗匹线,其输入阻标签芯片在下。 的接收阈值Bm(约50为915MHz) ^2+(207‐1*3*6*0.209/0相控阵天线读他条件不变(1000*3*12若读卡器天为: 的读写距离有直接关系。率放大器阻于6dBi,此配。基于上阻抗在915M915MHz处值功率Pth为毫瓦),标(波长328143) ^2)=0.20.016)  读卡器,输变,则在读卡2*0.209/0.0天线增益为离与读写器   阻抗匹配都较此处设其为上述假设,对MHz处为2处的阻抗为为‐18dBm标签天线增益8mm)。则有209 输出功率为卡器天线辐射016)   6dB,输出的输出功率较理想,故6dBi。对于对若干标签26+j207  O11‐j143 Oh(约0.016毫益为3dBi,有Ra=26,1000毫瓦射最大方向功率为100率,天线增益故不考虑其阻于915MHz无签天线的阅读Ohm;标签天hm.据此对标毫瓦),读写读写器天线Rc=11 (30dBm),向读写距离为00毫瓦,其益及阻抗无源读距天线标签 写器线为,天为: 其他=0.3=12    签天据此天线为增   带上=0.3=3.7   线最=0.3=23   条件=0.3=16   328/(4*3.142.65(m)   【例二】天线增益约此对标签的(1)设标线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