女性主义代表人物介绍

PrimeWomeninSecond-waveFeminism夏煜祺18徐君兰19许倩倩32汤锐35KateMillettCONTENTSIntroductionofKateMillettFeminismSexualPoliticsSexismandsexuality.KateMillett(bornSeptember14,1934)isanAmericanfeministwriter,educator,artist,andactivist.SheattendedOxfordUniversityandwasthefirstAmericanwomantobeawardedapostgraduatedegreewithfirst-classhonorsbySt.Hilda‘s（圣希尔达学院）.Shehasbeendescribedas“aseminalinfluenceonsecond-wavefeminism”（对第二次女性浪潮有开创性影响）,andisbestknownforher1970bookSexualPolitics.Millettisacknowledgedasaleaderofthemodernwomen‘smovement,orsecond-wavefeminism,ofthe1960sand1970s.SheisknownforherbookSexualPolitics,consideredthemovement’smanifesto(宣告).IntroductionofKateMillettFeminismIn1966,MillettbecameacommitteememberofNationalOrganizationforWomenandsubsequentlyjoinedtheNewYorkRadical(激进)Women,Radicalesbians（女同志群）,andDowntownRadicalWomenorganizations.ShebecameaspokespersonforthefeminismmovementfollowingthesuccessofthebookSexualPolitics,butstruggledwithconflictingperceptionsofherasarrogantandelitist,andtheexpectationsofotherstospeakforthem,whichshecoveredinher1974book,Flying.Sherequiredworkingwomennottowearveils,andtoallowwomentodivorcetheirhusbandsinIran.ShealsowroteabouttheexperienceinGoingtoIran.SexualPoliticsSexualPoliticsoriginatedasMillett'sPhDdissertationandwaspublishedin1970,thesameyearthatshewasawardedherdoctoratefromColumbiaUniversity.Thebestsellingbook,acritiqueofpatriarchyinWesternsocietyandliterature,addressedthesexismandheterosexismofthemodernnovelistsD.H.Lawrence,HenryMiller,andNormanMailerandcontrastedtheirperspectiveswiththedissentingviewpointofthehomosexualauthorJeanGenet.Millettquestionedtheoriginsofpatriarchy,arguedthatsex-basedoppressionwasbothpoliticalandcultural,andpositedthatundoingthetraditionalfamilywasthekeytotruesexualrevolution.Initsfirstyearonthemarket,thebooksold80,000copiesandwentthroughsevenprintings.Consideredasymbolofthewomen'sliberationmovement,MillettwasfeaturedinaTimecoverstory,ThePoliticsofSex,whichcalledSexualPoliticsaremarkablebookthatprovidedacoherenttheoryaboutthefeministmovement.ReviewsThisbookiswritteninaveryinterestingway.Milletbasicallycritiquesdifferentpiecesofliteraturefortheirsubliminal(andsometimesovert)sexistcommentsandconnotations.Thepassagesshewritesaboutareverygraphicandinteresting;however,itisheranalysisthatistrulyfascinating.It'sagreatreadforfeministsandnon-feministsalike.ThebookisincrediblyinterestingandcaptivatingaccordingtoeveryonethatIknowhasreadit.Thisisaclassicfeministtext,andI'mgladit'sfinallybackitprint.Althoughwrittentwentyyearsago,itisstillincrediblyrelevanttoday.Someofthestatisticsshesitesmaybedifferentnow,but,alas,littleelseis.Thisbookexaminesthesocietalvalues,constructs,andphilospohiesthatoppresswomen,andhowthesevaluesarebothreflectedinandreinforcedbyworksofliterature.Itwasherdoctoraldissertation,soitisscholarlyandacademic,butitisstillafascinatingbook.Thiscouldbeconsideredthebookthatstartedthesecondwaveoffeminism,anditisstilljustasimportantfortoday'sfeministsasitwasthen.ItwouldbedifficulttooverstatethehistoricalimportanceofKateMillett'sbooktoday.In1970,herpioneeringanalysisofmysogynyinAmericanliteraturewasaradicalbreakfromtraditionandariskymoveforayoungscholar.Inadditiontohelpingtoinaugurateanewschoolofliterarycriticism,feministanalysis,thisbookwashighlyinfluentialamongacertainsegmentofthewomen'smovementofthe1970's.Itisamustreadforanyoneseekingtounderstandthatmovementortheoriginsoffeministliterarycriticism.SexualPoliticshasbeenseenasaclassicfeministtext,saidtobethefirstbookofacademicfeministliterarycriticism,andoneofthefirstfeministbooksofthisdecadetoraisenationwidemaleireSexismandsexualityADDYOURTEXTAddyourtexthereandwritedownyourideasthankyouaddyourtexthereandwritedownyourideasthankyouWhilespeakingaboutsexualliberationatColumbiaUniversity,awomanintheaudienceaskedMillett,Whydon'tyousayyou'realesbian,here,openly.You'vesaidyouwerealesbianinthepast.Milletthesitantlyresponded,Yes,Iamalesbian.Acoupleofweekslater,Time'sDecember8,1970articleWomen'sLib:ASecondLookreportedthatMillettadmittedshewasbisexual,whichitsaidwouldlikelydiscreditherasaspokespersonforthefeministmovementbecauseitreinforcetheviewsofthoseskepticswhoroutinelydismissallliberationistsaslesbians.“Inresponse,twodayslaterapressconferencewasorganizedbyfeministsIvyBottiniandBarbaraLoveinGreenwichVillageinwhichtheyspokeoftheirsolidaritywiththestruggleofhomosexualstoattaintheirliberationinasexistsocietytoKateMillettandotherattendees.女性主义研究在这个问题上的独特之处，是指出男女两大群体的界定，其实也是依据与封建等级制度类似的“自然”模式，在父权制社会和文化背景下由男性对女性实行全面控制与支配，这在本质上与种族、阶层、阶级间的控制与支配并无二样。如果说，种族关系、阶级关系是一种政治关系，那么性别关系同样也是一种政治关系。这便是米利特“性政治”理论中的一个核心观点。BetlyFriedan贝蒂•弗里丹anAmericanwomanactivist1921~2006AleaderoftheModernWomen'sRightsMovement“themotherofthemodernwomen'sliberationmovement”（现代妇女解放运动之母）·《TheFeminineMystigue》《LifeSoFar》recallthethinkingofwomenmother'sexperienceattentionoffemaleproblemaskforpregnantleaveforthesacondchildandwasfired《TheFeminineMystigue》wasfinishedanditwaspublishedin1963researchedheroldclassmateswhowashighlyeducatedandfoundthatmos